THE ROLE OF MODERN SHISHI IDEALS IN SYMPATHETIC JAPANESE APPRAISALS OF AN CHUNGGŬN
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
After Itō Hirobumi’s assassination by An Chunggŭn, Japanese media tended to urge the Japanese government to adopt coercive policies toward Korea, under which Japan suppressed “Korean riots” and finally annexed Korea. However, there were also some Japanese intellectuals who viewed An’s action sympathetically. They shared the Confucian ideal of shishi (gentleman activist), a universal ethico-political model in pre-modern East Asia. This article will attempt to analyze the logic of these Japanese who endeavored to understand An’s action from the vantage point of Korea’s subalterns. An Chunggŭn’s self-legitimization of his act, based as well on pan-regional Confucian ethics, was appropriated by his Japanese sympathizers as a sort of shishi consciousness, sometimes undistinguishable from the “bushidō (Way of the warrior) spirit”. The appropriations happened differently in diverse milieus, including socialist and Christian circles. Most of them limited themselves to sympathizing with An’s sacrifice for the sake of his country’s independence, without an attempt to criticize imperialist discourses. Although remaining a tiny minority, Baba Kochō (a progressive author and translator, 1869–1940), Kōtoku Shūsui (a socialist activist, 1871–1911) and Kashiwagi Gien (a Christian activist, 1860–1938) criticized Japan’s imperialist turn and its violations of Korea’s sovereignty which eventually precipitated the assassination attempts against Japanese officials. Kōtoku even went further offering a revolutionary strategy of anarchist communism and anti-imperialism aimed at building class solidarity between Asian peoples. While Kashiwagi did not renounce nationalism per se, he was in a position to relativize it based on the universal truth of Christianity. This article aims at grasping the meanings and historical significance of the expressions of sympathetic understanding towards An’s act in Japan.
Abstract
After Itō Hirobumi’s assassination by An Chunggŭn, Japanese media tended to urge the Japanese government to adopt coercive policies toward Korea, under which Japan suppressed “Korean riots” and finally annexed Korea. However, there were also some Japanese intellectuals who viewed An’s action sympathetically. They shared the Confucian ideal of shishi (gentleman activist), a universal ethico-political model in pre-modern East Asia. This article will attempt to analyze the logic of these Japanese who endeavored to understand An’s action from the vantage point of Korea’s subalterns. An Chunggŭn’s self-legitimization of his act, based as well on pan-regional Confucian ethics, was appropriated by his Japanese sympathizers as a sort of shishi consciousness, sometimes undistinguishable from the “bushidō (Way of the warrior) spirit”. The appropriations happened differently in diverse milieus, including socialist and Christian circles. Most of them limited themselves to sympathizing with An’s sacrifice for the sake of his country’s independence, without an attempt to criticize imperialist discourses. Although remaining a tiny minority, Baba Kochō (a progressive author and translator, 1869–1940), Kōtoku Shūsui (a socialist activist, 1871–1911) and Kashiwagi Gien (a Christian activist, 1860–1938) criticized Japan’s imperialist turn and its violations of Korea’s sovereignty which eventually precipitated the assassination attempts against Japanese officials. Kōtoku even went further offering a revolutionary strategy of anarchist communism and anti-imperialism aimed at building class solidarity between Asian peoples. While Kashiwagi did not renounce nationalism per se, he was in a position to relativize it based on the universal truth of Christianity. This article aims at grasping the meanings and historical significance of the expressions of sympathetic understanding towards An’s act in Japan.
참고문헌 (47)
- Anderson, Emily, "Christianity and Imperialism in Modern Japan: Empire for God" (2014), Bloomsbury Academic
- "Taiyō", 1909, 224~225
- Benesch, Oleg, "Inventing the Way of the Samurai: Nationalism, Internationalism, and bushidō in Modern Japan" (2016), Oxford University Press
- Ebina, Danjō, (1973), Shinkyō Shuppansha
- Fraleigh, Matthew, "Songs of the Righteous Spirit: ‘Men of High Purpose’ and Their Chinese Poetry in Modern Japan", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 69(1), pp.109~171 (2009)
- Hong Chongp’yo, (1911), Sinhan’gukposa
- Hurst, G. Cameron III, "Death, Honor, and Loyality: The bushidō Ideal", Philosophy East and West, 40(4), pp.511~527 (1990)
- Hwang Chaemun, (2011), Hangyŏre ch’ulp’an
- Jansen, Marius, "Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration" (1971), Stanford University Press
- "Kikan Sanzenri", 1978, 34~38
- "Jitsugyō no sekai", 1909, 12~13
- "Bungei Kenkyū", 1992, 119~144
- "Iwate Nippō, October 27–28, 1909", 1909
- Itō Yukio, (2009), Kodansha
- "Japan Protest over Korean Assassin Ahn Jung-geun Memorial in China" (2014)[URL]
- Kang Hyosuk, (2011), Tongnip kinyŏmgwan Hanguk tongnip undongsa yŏn’guso
- "Seisho no kenkyū", 1909, 44~46
- "Jōmō kyōkai geppō", 1925, 2~
- "Jōmō kyōkai geppō", 1910, 6~7
- "Jōmō kyōkai geppō", 1914, 2~
- "Hikari", 1906, ~
- "Nikkan Heimin Shimbun 16", 1907
- Kŭm Pyŏngtong, , pp.226~231 (2006), Akashi Shoten
- "Kyūshū rekishi kagaku", 2011, 65~70
- Legge, James, "Analects of Confucius" (2016), Pantianos Classics
- Legge, James, "The Works of Mencius" (2010), Madison Park
- Miura Ryōkaku, (1915), Odaeikichi
- Naitō Chizuko, (2005), Shinyōsha
- Nakano Yasuo, (1991), Aki Shobo
- "Journal of International Relations", 1994, 135~146
- "Jitsugyō no sekai", 1909, 16~18
- Notehelfer, F. G., "Kotoku Shusui: Portrait of a Japanese Radical" (1971), Cambridge University Press
- Ogawara Hiroyuki, (2010), Iwanami Shoten
- "Niijima Gakuen tankidaigaku kiyō", 2008, 31~41
- FRANKLIN RAUSCH, "VISIONS OF VIOLENCE, DREAMS OF PEACE: RELIGION, RACE, AND NATION IN AN CHUNGGŬN’S A TREATISE ON PEACE IN THE EAST", Acta Koreana, 15(2), pp.263~291 (2012), 한국학연구원
- Ravina, Mark J., "The Apocryphal Suicide of Saigō Takamori: Samurai, ‘Seppuku,’ and the Politics of Legend", Journal of Asian Studies, 69(3), pp.691~721 (2010)
- Saitō Taigen, (1994), Gogatsu Shobo
- Shiota Shōbē, (1990), Miraisha
- Teitō Risai Jidō Kyūenkai, (1924), Teitō Risai Jidō Kyūenkai
- Thomas, Julia Adeney, "Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology" (2001), University of California Press
- Tierney, Robert Thomas, "Monster of the Twentieth Century: Kotoku Shusui and Japan’s First Anti-Imperialist Movement" (2015), University of California Press
- Tongnip Kinyŏmgwan Hanguk Tongnip Undongsa Yŏnguso, (1999), Tongnip Kinyŏmgwan
- Tucker, John Allen, "Two Mencian Political Notions in Tokugawa Japan", Philosophy East and West, 47(2), pp.233~253 (1997)
- 이규수, "안중근의거에 대한 일본 언론계의 인식", 한국독립운동사연구, (34), pp.93~121 (2009), 한국독립운동사연구소
- 윤선자, "안중근 의거에 대한 천주교회의 인식", 한국근현대사연구, (33), pp.50~78 (2005), 한국근현대사학회