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중국의 스마트시티와 COVID-19

Chinese Smart Cities and COVID-19

윤태희
중국학연구회 (The Society Of Chinese Studies)|2021.08|중국학연구|제97호|pp. 169-206|DOI 10.36493/JCS.97.6

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정보통신기술중국COVID-19ICTChina스마트시티Smart CitySocial Governance사회 거버넌스
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

본문은 최근 중국의 스마트시티 건설의 추진 방향을 검토하여 이하의내용을 주장한다. 일부 지방 차원에서 모색되던 스마트시티는 2010년대 초반 이후 중앙의 정책적 주도 속에 급성장하였다. 이 시기 정보통신기술을이용한 행정업무와 사회복지 서비스의 개선, 정보통신기술 기반의 도시 거버넌스 개선, 스마트사구 건설을 통한 사구 거버넌스의 개선 등의 성과가나타났다. 한편, COVID-19 발생 이후 중앙 당국은 스마트시티 발전의 기반이 되었던 신흥산업과 정보통신기술을 통한 위기 극복, 도시 거버넌스 체계와 거버넌스 능력의 현대화, 정보통신기술을 결합한 기층 격자망화 관리를 통한 방역과 관리의 강화 등을 강조하였으며, 그에 따라 스마트시티를 통한 효과적 방역과 위기관리, 정보통신기술 기반의 사회 거버넌스 개선, 격자망 관리의 강화가 달성되었다. 스마트시티는 COVID-19 방역에 기여하였고, 다양한 행위자들이 참여하는 사회 거버넌스의 가능성을 보여주었다. 그렇지만, COVID-19의 방역을 위해 도입된 정보통신기술 기반의 방역과 감시체계는 향후 개인의 프라이버시를 침해하고 국가의 사회에 대한감시를 강화시킬수 있다는 잠재적 위험성을 노출하였는데, 이는 추후 중국의 스마트시티 건설 과정에서 개선되어야 할 과제로 지적된다.

Abstract

Based upon the review of China’s smart city policy, this article claims the following argument. The smart city, pursued by the local governments at the initial stage, developed rapidly since the early 2010s under the policy guidance from the central authority. Municipalities achieved better administrative work and social welfare service provision, effective urban governance, and better community governance through information and communications technology(ICT). On the other hand, after the outbreak of COVID-19, the central authority emphasized overcoming the pandemic through newly emerging industries and ICT, modernization of urban governance system and governance capability, and reinforcement of grid management at the grass-root level. Under the guidance of the central authority, the municipalities achieved crisis management, better social governance, and effective grid management based on ICT and the construction of smart cities. As a result, smart cities in China contributed to overcoming COVID-19 and revealed the potential for social governance in which various actors might participate. However, the ICT-based quarantine and monitoring system introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic exposed potential risks of the state’s infringement on individual privacy and the regime’s surveillance of society.

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