Urban Growth and Its Effect on Temperature Trends of Lahore City, Pakistan
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The current study deals with the effect of urban growth and urbanization on temperature trends over Lahore city of Pakistan. This research was conducted using mean monthly temperature data for the period of 1950-2017. The urban population growth, urban expansion, the increase of vehicles and factories as well as the expansion of built up area have influenced on the change of temperature in Lahore city. The annual trends of temperatures have been analyzed, and their statistical significances are calculated by the linear regression method. It has been deduced that there is a close relation between temperature change and urban growth. The findings are as follows; the mean minimum temperature rises greater than the maximum temperature at urban station and rural station. However, the maximum temperature is not rising positively and thus significantly at both stations. The findings show the fact that mean minimum temperature increasing more quickly after the 1995 due to the increase of urban development in Lahore city in which the built up area has increased from 66 km² to 740 km² since 1950. A massive increase in the numbers of vehicles have also influenced on the change of temperature in the city. However, the mean maximum temperature at rural station of Lahore has significant effect during 1973-1997.
Abstract
The current study deals with the effect of urban growth and urbanization on temperature trends over Lahore city of Pakistan. This research was conducted using mean monthly temperature data for the period of 1950-2017. The urban population growth, urban expansion, the increase of vehicles and factories as well as the expansion of built up area have influenced on the change of temperature in Lahore city. The annual trends of temperatures have been analyzed, and their statistical significances are calculated by the linear regression method. It has been deduced that there is a close relation between temperature change and urban growth. The findings are as follows; the mean minimum temperature rises greater than the maximum temperature at urban station and rural station. However, the maximum temperature is not rising positively and thus significantly at both stations. The findings show the fact that mean minimum temperature increasing more quickly after the 1995 due to the increase of urban development in Lahore city in which the built up area has increased from 66 km² to 740 km² since 1950. A massive increase in the numbers of vehicles have also influenced on the change of temperature in the city. However, the mean maximum temperature at rural station of Lahore has significant effect during 1973-1997.
참고문헌 (22)
- Chen, L., "Surface heat island in Shanghai and its relationship with urban development from 1989 to 2013", Advances in Meteorology (2016)[DOI]
- Choi, Y. G., "Adjusting urban bias in the regional mean surface temperature series of South Korea, 1968-99", International Journal of Climatology, 23(5), pp.577~591 (2003)
- Chung, U., "Urbanization effect on the observed change in mean monthly temperatures between 1951-1980 and 1971-2000 in Korea", Climatic Change, 66(1-2), pp.127~136 (2004)
- Chung, U., "Using urban effect corrected temperature data and a tree phenology model to project geographical shift of cherry flowering date in South Korea", Climatic Change, 93(3-4), pp.447~463 (2009)
- Chung, Y. S., "On climate variations and changes observed in South Korea", Climatic Change, 66(1-2), pp.151~161 (2004)
- Da Silva, V. D. P. R., "Evaluating the urban climate of a typically tropical city of northeastern Brazil", Environmental monitoring and assessment, 161(1-4), pp.45~59 (2010)
- Duhan, D., "Spatial and temporal variability in maximum, minimum and mean air temperatures at Madhya Pradesh in central India", Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 345(1), pp.3~21 (2013)
- Farooqi, A. B., "Climate change perspective in Pakistan", Pakistan Journal of Meteorology, 2(3), pp.11~21 (2005)
- Fujibe, F., "Detection of urban warming in recent temperature trends in Japan", International Journal of Climatology, 29(12), pp.1811~1822 (2009)
- Hardy, J. T., "Climate change causes, effects, and solutions" (2003), John Wiley & Sons
- Jeganathan, A., "Temperature trends of Chennai city, India", Theoretical and applied climatology, 111(3-4), pp.417~425 (2013)
- Kirshen, P., "Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: a case study of metropolitan Boston USA", Climatic Change, 86(1-2), pp.105~122 (2008)
- Kishtawal, C. M., "Urbanization signature in the observed heavy rainfall climatology over India", International Journal of Climatology, 30(13), pp.1908~1916 (2010)
- Liu, W., "Temporal characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 87(1-4), pp.213~221 (2007)
- Mohan, M., "Assessment of urban heat island effect for different land use-land cover from micrometeorological measurements and remote sensing data for megacity Delhi", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 112(3-4), pp.647~658 (2013)
- Ooka, R., "Recent development of assessment tools for urban climate and heat-island investigation especially based on experiences in Japan", International Journal of Climatology, 27(14), pp.1919~1930 (2007)
- Punia, M., "Analysis of temperature variability over north-west part of India for the period 1970-2000", Natural Hazards, 75(1), pp.935~952 (2015)
- Roy, S. S., "Analysis of trends in maximum and minimum temperature, diurnal temperature range, and cloud cover over India", Geophysical Research Letters, 32(12), pp.L12702~ (2005)
- Sajjad, S. H., "The long-term variability in minimum and maximum temperature trends and heat island of Lahore city, Pakistan", Science International, 27(2), pp.1321~1325 (2015)
- Sajjad, S. H., "On rising temperature trends of Karachi in Pakistan", Climatic change, 96(4), pp.539~547 (2009)
- Sajjad, S. H., "Urbanization effects on temperature trends of Lahore during 1950-2007", International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 1(3), pp.274~281 (2009)
- Sonali, P., "Review of trend detection methods and their application to detect temperature changes in India", Journal of Hydrology, 476, pp.212~227 (2013)