L1-L2 Phonetic interference in the production of Spanish heritage speakers in the US
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The present study examined how bilingual speakers produce L1 and L2 speech sounds when the L2 is more dominant than the L1. According to Flege (1999), L1 and L2 speech sounds coexist in one phonetic space and bilinguals strive to maintain phonetic contrast between them. In such phonetic space, L1-L2 phonetic interference, the direction and strength of which is determined by language dominance, is inevitable. The aim of this study was to identify whether Spanish heritage speakers whose English (L2) is stronger than Spanish (L1) have their Spanish stop consonants influenced by their English stop consonants. A production task was conducted in which Spanish heritage speakers produced English and Spanish words beginning with voiced stops /b, d, g/ and voiceless stops /p, t, k/. Spanish heritage speakers’ VOT was measured and later compared to those of the native speakers of each language. Results show that when compared with the native control groups, Spanish heritage speakers did not differ from native English speakers when producing English stop consonants, but, when producing Spanish stop consonants, they performed differently from native Spanish speakers. This finding implies that Spanish heritage speakers experienced phonetic interference from L2 to L1 when producing Spanish and English stops.
Abstract
The present study examined how bilingual speakers produce L1 and L2 speech sounds when the L2 is more dominant than the L1. According to Flege (1999), L1 and L2 speech sounds coexist in one phonetic space and bilinguals strive to maintain phonetic contrast between them. In such phonetic space, L1-L2 phonetic interference, the direction and strength of which is determined by language dominance, is inevitable. The aim of this study was to identify whether Spanish heritage speakers whose English (L2) is stronger than Spanish (L1) have their Spanish stop consonants influenced by their English stop consonants. A production task was conducted in which Spanish heritage speakers produced English and Spanish words beginning with voiced stops /b, d, g/ and voiceless stops /p, t, k/. Spanish heritage speakers’ VOT was measured and later compared to those of the native speakers of each language. Results show that when compared with the native control groups, Spanish heritage speakers did not differ from native English speakers when producing English stop consonants, but, when producing Spanish stop consonants, they performed differently from native Spanish speakers. This finding implies that Spanish heritage speakers experienced phonetic interference from L2 to L1 when producing Spanish and English stops.
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