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다인종ㆍ다문화사회의 모성사망에 관한 소고

A Mini-Review on the Maternal Mortality in Multiracial and Multicultural Society

김종규
여성학연구소 (Institute of Women's Studies)|2011.12|젠더와 문화 (Gender and Culture)|제4권 제2호|pp. 133-165|DOI http://dx.doi.org/

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인종whiterace흑인black백인multiracial/multicultural societymaternal mortality모성사망다인종·다문화사회
주제분류여성학

초록

모성사망에 관여하는 사회·경제적 요인을 알아보고자 다인종·다문화사회의 인구집단에서 주요 보건지표 중 하나인 모성사망비를 살펴보았다. 이용된 자료는 관련기관의 통계자료, 연구보고 자료 등이다. 오래 전부터 다인종·다문화사회를 이루고 있는 미국의 모성사망비는 다른 선진국에 비하여 높은 편이며, 또 2000년대에 들어서 20세기 후반에 비하여 오히려 증가하였다. 모성사망은 인종별로 차이가 있음이 나타났다. 특히 흑인은 백인에 비하여 모성사망비가 매우 높으며, 이는 임신 전 선행 건강문제(고혈압, 비만 등)에 의한 임신 합병증 등에 기인하는 것으로 평가되었다, 더불어 빈곤, 낮은 교육 수준, 보건의료접근성의 차이 등이 함께 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이로부터 모성사망은 생물학적 요인과 더불어 사회·경제적·문화적 요인에 의하여 상당히 영향 받음을 알 수 있다. 여성 결혼이주자가 증가하고 또 국적이 다양화되고 있는 우리나라에서도 이를 고려하여 다문화가정의 건강관리에 힘써야 할 것이다.

Abstract

The maternal mortality, one of the major health indicators, of multiracial and multicultural society were examined using statistical and surveyed data in order to investigate socio-economic, and cultural factors involved in maternal mortality. This study reviewed the example of U.S. population, which has been a multiracial/multicultural society long before. The mortality of U.S. maternal is relatively high compared to other developed countries even in the 21st centuries and varies with maternal race and ethnicity. Maternal mortality may increase for African-American women in the U.S. The black women had pre-pregnancy obesity and hypertensive disorders, which many consider to be a pregnancy-related complication. The main causes are hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder, embolism, infection, and pre-existing chronic conditions (such as obesity and hypertension). The differences in maternal mortality risk between black and white populations may be due to disparities in access to health care, and inequities within country. The black women have low education levels, an increased likelihood of being poor and of lacking access to qualified health care. We were able to find the examples of maternal mortality of New York City and State of California. This review indicates maternal mortality is influenced not only by biological, but by a number of economic, social, and cultural factors. The results of this review suggest that special health care for multicultural family in Korea is needed in considering the increase of marriage-based immigrant women and diverse nationalities. In particular, data and information on the fertility by maternal race, accessibility to maternal health service, and use of health care system of multicultural family are necessary. These could be collected in conjunction with current national system such as national health and nutrition survey of Korea.

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