조선후기 胎封圖의 사례와 도상의 특징

Abstract

This paper attempts to examine the main point related to the process of building the placenta chamber and the features of the placenta chamber pictures based on three Taebongdo (胎封圖, a picture of a placenta chamber) of late Joseon period. Taebongdo is a type of a picture that is produced at the construction site of the placenta chamber and is presented to the King. It represents a unique feature of a royal painting related to the placenta burial culture of Joseon royal court. During the early Joseon period, Taesilsando(胎室山圖) or Taesildo(胎室圖) were mostly painted which describe the landscape of the designated placenta chamber site. However, a different form of Taesildo can be found from <Sunjong Taesildo 純宗胎室圖> painted in the late 19th Century. This picture takes the form of the real-view landscape painting which almost reproduces the placenta chamber that is complete with placenta burial process. In <Jangjo Taebongdo(莊祖胎封圖)>, this paper examined the picture in line with the view point of Yeongjo's who suggested burying two different placentas at the same mountain ridge. Here, Munjong and Jangjo's placenta chambers are adjoined. Burying two king's placentas within one placenta chamber site can be an exceptional case. Such idea of burying different placentas on the same site that Yeongjo gained from the placenta chamber of King Sejong's princes had become one event to change the principle on the construction of placenta chamber. <Sunjo Taebongdo(純祖胎封圖)> is a picturesque map which combines the feng shui elements and real-view landscape of a placenta chamber around the Sokri Mountain. On top of the ground which looks like a turned-over bowl, stone monuments of the placenta chamber are painted. Also, the picture describes several good elements which make this placenta chamber an excellent spot. <Heonjong Taebongdo(憲宗胎封圖)> contracted the placenta chamber and the surrounding view into one canvas. Such realistic space-expression method is the major distinction from other Taebongdo. In its early period, Taebongdo followed the conventional trend of mountain-painting topographic map. But later on, the focus has been shifted to emphasizing realistic elements. Such trend has been examined in this paper in terms of mountain panting and picturesque map, elements that make a perfect site and the expression of realistic view. I believe this reflects the change in the perception of Taebongdo which, in early 18th Century, was understood as mountain-painting map but whose other functions along with mountain painting came to be gradually appreciated. Taebongdo of Joseon royal court is a documentation of placenta burial and its chamber building process which illuminates Joseon's royal culture of placenta burial in a distinct and diverse ways