고고학 유적 출토 치아 자료를 통해 본 영남지역 주민들의 체질인류학적 특징

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the anthropological characteristics of residents through a survey on metric and nonmetric items targeting teeth(齒牙) of ancient human skeleton excavated from archaeaological ruins in Yeongnam and do the anthropological characteristics of residents in antient Yeonganm by comparing them with modern Koreans. To arrange changing aspects of metric values by period, the height of crown has found that the metric values have generally tended to increase in modern times. However, the teeth length and width, the rest item, have tended to somewhat decrease in modern times repeating the increase and decrease in each period. The variable breadth of the length of denal neck by period has found to be no periodical differences because it is relatively more insignificant than other items. Among the changing aspects of nonmetric items by period, shovel-shaped incisor observed in front teeth, the typical nonmetric characteristics, has been known as Mongoloids' typical morphological features. In this study, the appearance frequency of shovel-shaped teeth of maxillary anterior teeth in ancient(old) and modern residents in Yeongnam was very high. On the contrary, the lower jaw can be found that the appearance rate of old persons was high. And the lower jaw of the modern persons can be found that the trace type is much more insignificant than the shovel type. The number of lingual eminence of maxillary lateral incisor was one in all the periods except the New Stone Age. However, the number of lingual eminence of mandibular lateral incisor was shown to be very various. The first mandibular lateral incisor mostly has one lingual eminence. The second mandibular lateral incisor has one or two lingual eminences. And the appearance rate of these two types has found to be similar. For the occlusal surface groove types of the second mandibular lateral incisor, the 'Y' type was highest and has tended to somewhat decrease in modern times. The occlusal surface groove types of molars have found that the upper jaw is different from the lower jaw. The first molars of the upper jaw have found to be mostly 4 types that 4 eminences are clear. And the second molars have found that the aspects are somewhat different. The old and modern persons have found that '4-' type is highest and 4 types (4, 4-, 3+,3) are more evenly shown in old persons than modern ones. And modern persons have found that there are mostly '4-' type and '3+' type is scarcely shown. The molars of the low jaw can be found that groove types and the number of eminence are various, but there are no big differences in old and modern persons. The first molars of the low jaw have found that the number of eminence of old and modern persons is mostly 5. On the contrary, groove types can be found that󰡐+󰡑type of modern persons increased when compared to old persons. The second molars have found that the number of eminence is 4 or 5 and the groove type is mostly󰡐+󰡑type. So they showed the different aspects the first molars that󰡐Y󰡑is high. Carabelli’s tubercle in the molars of the upper jaw was not found in old persons. The result examined targeting archaeologically excavated human teeth can be found that residents in Yeongnam have Mongoloids' clear anthropological characteristics. These characteristics can be used to estimate the relation among people and their migratory routes because they are the intrinsic features shown in each one. And they can be utilized as the useful materials when examining the changing aspects of teeth according to eating habits and living environments in comparison of differences between old and modern persons. Differences in metric and nonmetric items due to hereditary or environmental factors cannot be clearly found until now. Understanding of these items will be possible when more studies and analyses will be done in the future. And more studies on regions, living environments, and genes as well as teeth should simultaneously be done.