야쿠트 무복과 샤마니즘,러시아 식민지배

Abstract

Shaman Costume, Yakutian Cultural Change and Russian Colonial Governance The purpose of this article is to understand firstly the symbol of the yakutian shaman costume, secondly the relation between the russian colonialism and yakutian culture through shaman costume. In the studies of western anthropology siberian cultures seem to have no history and to have only shamanism that is not changed. I will argue that Saha-Yakut does have history and their shamanism is made in the historical process. Russian colonialism influenced the yakutian culture in many ways. Especially the shamanism was the main target of colonial politics and of the russian Orthodox Church. The yakutian shamanism is composed of white (ayy) and black (abasy) shamanism. Under the Tsar regime the white shamanism was substituted for the Orthodox and the black shamanism was marginalized. In this process the shaman costume was almost burned out. Because the shaman costume constitutes the most important symbol of the shamanism, the yakut shaman was affected greatly. Now the young Yakut can not see the shaman costume in a ordinary shaman ritual. The shaman costume is exhibited only in the museum. The russian colonialism succeeded in the elimination of the shaman costume till now, although the shamanism survived the attack of the soviet regime and revived recently.