흐루시초프의 ‘비밀 연설’: 동기와 배경을 중심으로
Motives and Context of 'Secret Speech' by Khrushchev
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Abstract
Khrushchev's 'Secret Speech' attempted to overcome Stalin's negative vestiges "from the above". But it represented not only Khrushchev's personal resolution but also the specific historical context in which the necessity to transform the past Stalinist system spread out throughout the Soviet society. The strong demand for the societal transformation came from the positive aspect of the Stalinist past such as the victory in the Second World War and economic development, as well as its negative side including rampant political terror and unlawful dictatorship. At first, Khrushchev undertook a policy of "silent de-Stalinization" as the Soviet society requested. However, the policy did not last long because of the resistance from conservative Stalinists and contradictory symbol politics. Under these circumstances, Khrushchev's 'Secret Speech' was born with his moral motives and political consideration. Khrushchev's 'Secret Speech,' in effect, did not aim at wiping out the Stalinist system as a whole, but tried to reform its negative aspects within the system, especially "the Cult of Personality and its negative consequences." Therefore, Khrushchev's disclosure had many limits in overcoming the Stalinist past and indicates the difficulties Khrushchev and his fellows suffered in severing themselves from the Stalinist bondage. In spite of all restraints, Khrushchev's 'Secret Speech' constituted a crucial moment in the history of overcoming the Stalinist past and paved the way for a more radical negation of Stalinism in the late 1980s.
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