Трансформация героического в Воине и мире Л.Н. Толстого:Отечественная вои？на 1812 года
Transformation of the Heroic in Tolstoy's "War and Peace" : The Patriotic War of 1812
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In War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy the habitual notions about heroic behavior are subjected to "strangeness", to polemic deconstruction and destruction. The recognized heroes, that became mythological figures — symbols, are thrown off from pedestal, "decanonized". Both the Russians and Frenchmen are subjected to this procedure of "decanonisation" and deheroisation, in particular in the episodes depicting the Patriotic war of 1812. Although some cases of this kind have been already examined by scholars (Victor Schklovky and others) the mechanism, the devices and tools of this strategy are not described in details. The several episodes from Tolstoy’s masterpiece have not yet attracted scholars’ attention. In the work are examined the treatment of general Kutaisov by the author of the novel, the metamorphose of the rhetorical patriotic historically verse by playwright Kriukovsky cited by general Raevky but ascribed by the writer to the invented unpleasant personage —colonel Berg. The extraordinary high evaluation of general Dokhturov (opposed to legendary general Ermolov) and the underestimation of the role of the counter-attack executed by general Uvarov and ataman Platov, the sarcastic characteristic of marshal Ney’s passage through the Dnieper river are also analyzed. Tolstoy severely argues with the works by official historians Mikhailovcky-Danilevsky and Bogdanovich, slashes their opinions. His mechanism of "strangeness" is based on such devices as preterition, passing over in silence, supplanting of one historical personage by another one, ironic comment. Different devices can be combined by the author.
Abstract
In War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy the habitual notions about heroic behavior are subjected to "strangeness", to polemic deconstruction and destruction. The recognized heroes, that became mythological figures — symbols, are thrown off from pedestal, "decanonized". Both the Russians and Frenchmen are subjected to this procedure of "decanonisation" and deheroisation, in particular in the episodes depicting the Patriotic war of 1812. Although some cases of this kind have been already examined by scholars (Victor Schklovky and others) the mechanism, the devices and tools of this strategy are not described in details. The several episodes from Tolstoy’s masterpiece have not yet attracted scholars’ attention. In the work are examined the treatment of general Kutaisov by the author of the novel, the metamorphose of the rhetorical patriotic historically verse by playwright Kriukovsky cited by general Raevky but ascribed by the writer to the invented unpleasant personage —colonel Berg. The extraordinary high evaluation of general Dokhturov (opposed to legendary general Ermolov) and the underestimation of the role of the counter-attack executed by general Uvarov and ataman Platov, the sarcastic characteristic of marshal Ney’s passage through the Dnieper river are also analyzed. Tolstoy severely argues with the works by official historians Mikhailovcky-Danilevsky and Bogdanovich, slashes their opinions. His mechanism of "strangeness" is based on such devices as preterition, passing over in silence, supplanting of one historical personage by another one, ironic comment. Different devices can be combined by the author.
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