규제적 이념은 ‘억압된 것의 회귀’로서 도래한다: 가라타니 고진의『세계사의 구조』에 대한 소고

Abstract

In The Structure of World History, Karatani Kojin reinterprets the history ofsocial formations from the viewpoint of ‘Modes of Exchange’, in order toidentify structures in world history. This is the same as Hegel’s identification ofa purpose in history. However in order to overcome Hegel’s teleology, Karatanisuggests that ‘history with a structure, but not with an end’ arises from theviewpoints of Kant and Marx. Therefore the arrival of ‘mode of exchange D’,which resembles Kant’s ‘Regulatory Idea’, is a historical necessity realizedthrough Freud’s ‘return of the repressed’. For Karatani, ‘the repressed’ is‘freedom=egality’ which was inherent in primitive communism, therefore ‘therepression’ is not what is going on in the present, but what happened in the past. Eventually, Karatani regards ‘the arrival of future’ as ‘return of the past’. Thisposition is essentially not different from Hegel’s. Therefore Karatani’s projectfor ‘history with a structure, but not with an end’ is not completed yet. Nevertheless Karatani’s proposition that the essense of communism is notegality but ‘freedom=egality’ and the arrival of ‘mode of exchange D’ ispossible only in the condition of Kant’s eternal peace is worthy of notice.