에너지 수준이 다른 사료에 복합효소제의 첨가가 육계의 사양성적, 영양소 소화율, 혈액성상, 장내미생물 균총 및 소장 융모에 미치는 영향
Effects of Supplementation of Multienzymes in Diets Containing Different Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, Microbiota and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers
1
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 대사에너지 수준을 달리한 사료에서 복합효소제의 첨가가 육계의 사양성적, 영양소 소화율, 혈액성상, 장 내 미생물 및 소장 융모에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험을 위하여 육계(Ross 308, 1일령) 480수를 공시하여 4처리 8반복, 반복당 15수를 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험기간은 전기 3주(0∼21일)와 후기 2주(21∼35일)로 나누어 5주간 실시하였다. 처리내용은 사료 내 대사에너지 2수준과 복합효소제(amylase + protease + mannanase + xylanase + phytase) 첨가유무에 따른 2×2요인법에 따랐으며, 고에너지(전기 3,060kcal/kg; 후기 3,150kcal/kg) 사료에 복합효소제 무첨가와 첨가(0.05%), 저에너지(전기 3,010kcal/kg; 후기 3,100kcal/kg) 사료에 복합효소제 무첨가와 첨가(0.05%)로 구성하였다. 사양시험 전기간, 증체량과 사료요구율이 복합효소제 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비해 유의적으로 개선되었으나 사료 내 대사에너지 수준간에는 차이가 없었다. 건물, 에너지, 조단백질, 칼슘 및 인에 대한 분 및 회장소화율은 복합효소제 첨가 시 유의적으로 개선되었다. 맹장 및 회장 내 미생물에서는 복합효소제 첨가 시 Lactobacillus spp.는 증가하고 Clostridium spp.이나 Coliform bacteria는 감소하였다. 융모길이와 융모길이와 융와깊이의 비율이 효소제 첨가로 인해 개선되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 육계사료 내 복합효소제의 첨가는 에너지 수준에 관계없이 육계의 생산성에 도움이 되는 것으로 판단되며 효소제 첨가로 인해 에너지 절약효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens when a dietary supplementation of multienzymes was added to diets, containing different energy levels. A total of 480 broiler chickens of similar body weight (Ross 308, 1-day-old) were randomly subjected to four treatments. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with: multienzyme (amylase+protease+ mannanase+xylanase+phytase), 0.05% enzyme, and different energy levels (3010 and 3060 kcal/kg). The experimental diets were fed to the chicks in a mash form for 35 days in two phases (1–21 d, phase I; and 22–35 d, phase II). During the overall period, chicks fed with diets supplemented with multienzymes had a better weight gain (p<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed with diets without enzymes. There was no difference in the growth rate and FCR among the chicks fed with diets supplemented with enzymes, even though the dietary energy levels were different. The apparent fecal and ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly enhanced (p<0.05). The population of cecal and ileal Lactobacillus spp. was significantly increased (p<0.05), and Clostridium spp. and coliforms were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in diets supplemented with enzymes. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the small intestine was also significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in diets supplemented with enzymes. In conclusion, multienzyme supplementation had positive effects on the weight gain of broilers, FCR, digestibility of nutrients, and on the growth of intestinal microbiota.
참고문헌 (24)
- AOAC., "Official Methods of Analysis" (2007), Association of Official Analytical Chemists International
- Bedford, M. R., "The effect of dietary enzyme supplementation of rye- and barley-based diet on digestion and subsequent performance in weanling pigs", Can. J. Anim. Sci, 72, pp.97~ (1992)
- Bedford, M. R., "Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits", Anim. Feed Sci. Technol, 86, pp.1~13 (2000)
- Campbell, G. L., "Enzyme applications for monogastric feeds: A review", Can. J. Anim. Sci, 72, pp.449~466 (1992)
- Cera, K. R., "Apparent fat digestibilities and performance responses of postweaning swine fed diets supplemented with coconut oil, corn oil or tallow", J. Anim. Sci, 67, pp.2040~2047 (1989)
- Cowieson, A. J., "Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: Growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids", Br. Poult. Sci, 49, pp.37~44 (2008)
- Jo, J. K., "Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation to corn- and soybean meal-based or complex diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites in growing pigs", J. Anim. Sci, 90, pp.3041~3048 (2012)
- Juanpere, J., "Assessment of potential interactions between phytase and glycosidase enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility in broilers", Poult. Sci, 84, pp.571~580 (2005)
- Kim, J. S., "Effects of energy levels of diet and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites in growing pigs", Anim. Feed Sci. Technol, 186, pp.64~70 (2013)
- Kocher, A., "The effects of enzyme addition to broiler diets containing high concentrations of canola or sunflower meal", Poult. Sci, 79, pp.1767~1774 (2000)
- Leeson, S., "Scott’s Nutrition of the Chicken" (2001), University Books
- Leslie, M. A., "The effect of phytase and glucanase on the ileal digestible energy of corn and soybean meal fed to broilers", Poult. Sci, 86, pp.2350~2357 (2007)
- Meng, X., "Nutritive values of corn, soybean meal, canola meal, and peas for broiler chickens as affected by a multicarbohydrase preparation of cell wall degrading enzymes", Poult. Sci, 84, pp.1242~1251 (2005)
- Mohammadi, J., "Investigation of enzyme immobilization effects on its characteristics", J. Hum. Environ. Health. Promot, 1, pp.183~188 (2016)
- F. Nian, "Effect of Xylanase Supplementation on the Net Energy for Production, Performance and Gut Microflora of Broilers Fed Corn", Soy-based Diet, 2011, pp.24(9), 1282~1287[DOI]
- NRC., "Nutrient Requirement of Poultry" (1994), National Academy Press
- Onilude, A. A., "Effect of fungal enzyme mixture supplementation of various fibre-containing diets fed to broiler chicks 2: On blood, liver, and kidney total lipids, tri-acylglycerols, and cholesterol", World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 15, pp.315~320 (1999)
- Owens, B., "Effects of different feed additives alone or in combination on broiler performance, gut microflora and ileal histology", Br. Poult. Sci, 49, pp.202~212 (2008)
- Rebolé, A., "Effects of inulin and enzyme complex, individually or in combination, on growth performance, intestinal microflora, cecal fermentation characteristics, and jejunal histomorphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-and barley-based diet", Poult. Sci, 89, pp.276~286 (2010)
- Rutherfurd, S. M., "The effect of a commercial enzyme preparation on apparent metabolizable energy, the true ileal amino acid digestibility, and endogenous ileal lysine losses in broiler chickens", Poult. Sci, 86, pp.665~672 (2007)
- SAS, "Statistical Analysis System. Users Guide: Statistics, Version 8.2", SAS Institute, ~ (2012)
- Willamil, J., "Wheat- barley- ryeor corn-fed growing pigs respond differently to dietary supplementation with a carbohydrase complex", J. Anim. Sci, 90, pp.824~832 (2012)
- Wu, Y. B., "Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus", Br. Poult. Sci, 45, pp.76~84 (2004)
- Yang, Z. B., "Effects of a thermotolerant multi-enzyme product on nutrient and energy utilization of broilers fed mash or crumbled corn-soybean meal diets", J. Appl. Poult. Res, 19, pp.38~45 (2010)