폭기 처리 시 유용 미생물 첨가에 의한 액상 돈분뇨의 화학적 특성 변화
Effect of Commonly Used Effective Microorganisms on Chemical Properties of Aerated Swine Liquid Manure from a Swine Farm
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본 실험은 유용 미생물 첨가가 액상 돈분뇨의 화학적 성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험에 이용된 유용 미생물들은 Bacillus subtilis (1.3×109 colony-forming unit(CFU)/ml), Enterococcus faecium(1.9×1010CFU/ml), Aspergillus oryzae(2.0×109CFU/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae(6.4×109CFU/ml), Rhodobacter sphaeroides(1.2×108CFU/ml), Streptomyces griseus(6.2×108 CFU/ml)를 혼합하여 사용하였다. 실험구는 미생물 균주 처리량에 따라 대조구(미생물 균주 무첨가), Treatment 1(T1; 미생물 균주 109CFU/ml), Treatment 2(T2; 미생물 균주 107CFU/ml)로 3개의 실험구로 구성되었으며 미생물 균주는 3.5일 간격으로 20ml씩 주입하였고 매일 15분씩 6회 폭기 처리하였다. 각 실험구별 액상 돈분뇨는 7주차까지 폭기 처리하였으며 2, 4, 6, 7주차마다 10ml의 시료를 채취하여 pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, BOD, COD를 분석하였다. Ammonia-N은 액상 돈분뇨와 비교하여 T1과 T2에서 각각 36%와 30%까지 감소하였으며 대조구(23%)보다 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 소량으로도 악취를 유발하는 butyrate, iso- butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate, caproate는 T1구에서 4주부터 검출되지 않았다. BOD와 COD는 T1에서 각각 96%와 58%로 크게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 악취 유발 물질인 ammonia-N, VFA, BOD, COD가 T1과 T2에서 대조구보다 유의적으로 감소한 점으로 보아 본 연구에서 이용한 유용 미생물 첨가는 액상 돈분뇨의 부숙과 악취 저감에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는, 지방자치단체의 농업기술센터에서 배양하여 양축가에 보급하는 유용 미생물의 추가적인 효과를 증명하고 미생물의 응용 범위를 확대할 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 또한 판단된다.
Abstract
A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing commonly used effective microorganisms on the chemical properties of swine liquid manure. Effective microorganisms used in this study were Bacillus subtilis (1.3×109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml), Enterococcus faecium (1.9×1010 CFU/ml), Aspergillus oryzae (2.0×109 CFU/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (6.4×109 CFU/ml), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1.2×108 CFU/ml), and Streptomyces griseus (6.2×108 CFU/ml). Swine liquid manure collected and decanted from a swine farm was used in this study. Treatments included control (distilled water supplementation), Treatment 1 (T1) (mixed microbes, 109 CFU/ml), and Treatment 2 (T2) (mixed microbes, 107 CFU/ml). Microbial mix was supplemented every 3.5 days and aerated six times (15 min each) a day to facilitate compositing. Ten ml of sample was collected at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 7-week intervals for the measurement of pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acid (VFA), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. At seven weeks, samples were further collected to analyze biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Ammonia-N was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T1 and T2 by 36% and 30%, respectively, compared with control (23%). VFAs including butyrate, iso-butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate, and caproate were not detected in T1 from the four-week aerated sample. The BOD and COD were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in T1 by 96% and 58%, respectively. In conclusion, ammonia-N, VFA, BOD, and COD, known as odor indicators, were decreased in T1 and T2 compared with control, suggesting that effective microorganisms are useful for compositing swine liquid manure.
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