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여성 대상 폭력에 대한 정책 채택과 의회에서의 여성의 기술적 대표성의 연관성: 교차국가 시계열 분석으로부터의 실증적 증거

The Link between the Adoption of Policies Addressing’ Violence Against Women and Women’s Descriptive Representation in Parliaments: Empirical Evidence from a Time-Series Cross-National Analysis

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초록

여성 대상 폭력(violence against women)은 여성의 건강과 권리를 위협하는 심각한 세계적 문제다. 여성 대상 폭력이 피해 여성과 사회에 미치는 악영향에 대해 각국이 동의하고 있음에도 불구하고, 여성 대상 폭력에 대한 각국의 정책 채택에는 차이가 있다. 여러 국가들은 여성 대상 폭력 관련 정책을 신속하게 채택하고 있지만, 일부 국가들은 여전히 여성 대상 폭력에 대한 정책을 채택하지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 의회에서의 여성의 기술적 대표성(women’s descriptive representation in parliaments)의 차이를 통해서 각 국가의 정책 채택에서의 차이를 설명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 1975년부터 2016년까지 127개국에서 여성 대상 폭력에 대한 정책 채택에 관한 교차국가 시계열 데이터(time-series cross-national data)를 사용하여 의회에서의 여성의 기술적 대표성의 영향력을 패널회귀분석(panel data regression models)을 통해 경험적으로 분석했다. 그 결과, 의회에서의 높은 여성의원 비율이 국가들로 하여금 여성 대상 폭력에 대해 더 많은 정책을 채택하도록 이끈다는 것을 발견했다. 이 연관성은 다양한 모델들에서 통계적으로 일관되게 유의미했다. 이 결과는 여성할당제(gender quotas), 특히 여성특별의석 할당제(reserved seats gender quotas)의 채택에 대한 정책적 함의를 제시할 뿐 아니라, 여성정치 문헌에 기여한다.

Abstract

Violence against women is a severe global problem threatening women’s health and rights. Despite the consensus among countries on the adverse effects of violence against women on abused women and society, there are variations among countries in the adoption of policies about violence against women. While some countries swiftly adopt policies related to the violence, others still do not have policies addressing violence against women. This article explains the variations based on the different levels of women’s descriptive representation in parliaments among countries. With a time-series cross-national data about the adoption of policies addressing violence against women in 127 countries from 1975 to 2016, this article using panel data regression models finds that a higher percentage of women in parliaments leads countries to adopt more policies addressing violence against women. This relationship is consistently statistically significant in alternative model specifications. This article not only provides a policy implication about the adoption of legislative gender quotas, especially reserved seats legislative quotas, but also contributes to the literature of women in politics.

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