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청소년상담 동기강화프로그램의 구성 및 효과에 관한 연구

Motivating Interviewing in Working with Adolescents

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초록

청소년 내담자는 대부분 권유 혹은 의뢰에 의해 상담에 참여하게 되기 때문에 이들의 상담동기를 형성, 강화하는 것이 청소년상담에서의 주요 관심사가 되곤 한다. 본 연구에서는 상담초기 청소년들의 상담동기를 강화하는 방안을 연구하기 위해 중독행동 변화에서 효과적인 것으로 알려진 MI(Motivating Interviewing)의 기본원리와 기법을 근거로 반구조화된 동기강화프로그램을 구성하였다. 이를 상담자들에게 교육하여 실제 내담자들에게 적용한 결과 상담동기, 작업동맹, 상담자에 대한 애착에 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 13명의 상담자가 평소와 같이 22명의 청소년(비적용집단)과 상담을 하였고, 동기강화방법을 교육받은 후 25명(적용집단)의 청소년내담자들에게 이 방법을 적용한 상담을 실시하였다. 그리고 두 집단의 동기수준에 대한 군집분석을 실시한 결과 비적용 집단 3군집, 적용집단 2군집이 나타났다. 이중 한 개의 적용군집이 2회기 직후 실시한 측정에서 다른 군집에 비해 동기수준이 높은 참여집단의 형태를 띠었을 뿐 아니라 작업동맹, 안정애착 점수에서 의미 있는 차이를 나타내었다. 한편 5회기에는 비적용집단과 적용집단 간에 차이가 나타나지 않아 이 방법이 청소년 상담에서 치료적인 변화 보다는 초기의 동기형성에 도움이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 실제 내담자를 대상으로 한 연구가 갖는 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The current study was to investigate the effects of utilizing the Motivating Interviewing (MI) technique to enhance adolescents’ motivation at the early stage of counseling. For the purpose of the study, 13 counselors had MI training and they utilized MI technique in their sessions. First, they counseled 22 adolescent clients as usual (control group) and then counseled 25 adolescent clients (experimental group) with MI technique. Counseling motivation, working alliance between clients and counselors, and client attachment to counselors were examined to investigate the effects of the MI technique in motivating their clients. Cluster analyses were used to analyze the data. Based on clients’ level of motivation, there were three clusters in the control group and two clusters in experimental group. The results indicated that the MI was helpful for clients to motivate to come to counseling rather than to make therapeutic change. The strengths and limitations of the study were discussed.

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