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Reluctant Flexibility Caused by Abandonment Fears: A Theoretical Analysis of South Korea’s Approach toward China in the 1970s and the Early 1980s

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한국국방연구원 (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses)|2014.06|The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis|제26권 제2호|pp. 225-242|DOI 10.22883/kjda.2014.26.2.006

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참고문헌

키워드

Cold Waralliance security dilemmaSouth Korea-China relationsSouth Korea-U.S. allianceSouth Korea’s foreign policy

초록

While many scholars and pundits have explored bilateral relations between SouthKorea and the People’s Republic of China during the past few decades, they havepaid relatively little attention to the Cold War period. Specifically, there is a lackof studies about why the government of Seoul employed a conciliatory policytoward Beijing from the beginning of the 1970s, despite China’s strong ties withNorth Korea that posed grave threats to Seoul. Although the power-based argumentpurports that the U.S.-Sino rapprochement exerted a considerable influence onSouth Korea’s strategic calculation, it underestimates the fact that the South feltincreased insecurity after the international détente. This article attempts to offertheoretical explanations for why South Korea initiated a flexible approach towardChina in the 1970s and the early 1980s. First, by narrowing the scope of thealliance security dilemma to small powers, it sheds light on significant elementsthat have an influence on abandonment fears by small powers. Second, this articledemonstrates how the theory explains the case of South Korea, relying on declassifieddocuments and recent works. Finally, it discusses the relevance of theoretical elementsto the present time.

Abstract

While many scholars and pundits have explored bilateral relations between SouthKorea and the People’s Republic of China during the past few decades, they havepaid relatively little attention to the Cold War period. Specifically, there is a lackof studies about why the government of Seoul employed a conciliatory policytoward Beijing from the beginning of the 1970s, despite China’s strong ties withNorth Korea that posed grave threats to Seoul. Although the power-based argumentpurports that the U.S.-Sino rapprochement exerted a considerable influence onSouth Korea’s strategic calculation, it underestimates the fact that the South feltincreased insecurity after the international détente. This article attempts to offertheoretical explanations for why South Korea initiated a flexible approach towardChina in the 1970s and the early 1980s. First, by narrowing the scope of thealliance security dilemma to small powers, it sheds light on significant elementsthat have an influence on abandonment fears by small powers. Second, this articledemonstrates how the theory explains the case of South Korea, relying on declassifieddocuments and recent works. Finally, it discusses the relevance of theoretical elementsto the present time.

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