Seventy Years after World War II: Comparing Europe and Northeast Asia’s Security Architectures
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The present article looks at the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second WorldWar from an historical and comparative perspective, scrutinizing the divergingpathways established in Europe and Northeast Asia in the aftermaths of such atragic event with regard to the construction of a new security architecture. Inorder to grasp the rationale behind the widely different outcomes of theseprocesses within the selected case studies, the first section will highlight thefundamental steps and prerequisites that paved the way for the consolidation of aEuro–Atlantic security community, characterized by peaceful interactions amongits members based on shared values and identities. Accordingly, it will emphasizethe fundamental importance of historical reconciliation efforts pursued since1945 by European states—most notably between France and the Federal Republicof Germany—as well as the contribution of innovative multilateral institutions,such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), in laying the foundations of anunprecedented defense framework. Northeast Asia’s trajectory, on the other hand,will be at the core of the second section, aimed at examining the roots of itsprolonged reliance on traditional bilateral ties built on the American “hub–and–spokes” system, which ultimately hindered the possibility of replicating inthe area the main features of Europe’s collective security mechanisms. Finally,the last section will focus on the recent impact of this peculiar path on severalmajor issues that nowadays stand at the top of the regional security agenda—as inthe case of the mutual grievances among the People’s Republic of China, Japan,and South Korea produced by controversial memories of WWII—arguing that theabsence of shared narratives concerning such a paramount conflict represents afundamental impediment to the establishment of a cooperative security environmentin Northeast Asia.
Abstract
The present article looks at the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second WorldWar from an historical and comparative perspective, scrutinizing the divergingpathways established in Europe and Northeast Asia in the aftermaths of such atragic event with regard to the construction of a new security architecture. Inorder to grasp the rationale behind the widely different outcomes of theseprocesses within the selected case studies, the first section will highlight thefundamental steps and prerequisites that paved the way for the consolidation of aEuro–Atlantic security community, characterized by peaceful interactions amongits members based on shared values and identities. Accordingly, it will emphasizethe fundamental importance of historical reconciliation efforts pursued since1945 by European states—most notably between France and the Federal Republicof Germany—as well as the contribution of innovative multilateral institutions,such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), in laying the foundations of anunprecedented defense framework. Northeast Asia’s trajectory, on the other hand,will be at the core of the second section, aimed at examining the roots of itsprolonged reliance on traditional bilateral ties built on the American “hub–and–spokes” system, which ultimately hindered the possibility of replicating inthe area the main features of Europe’s collective security mechanisms. Finally,the last section will focus on the recent impact of this peculiar path on severalmajor issues that nowadays stand at the top of the regional security agenda—as inthe case of the mutual grievances among the People’s Republic of China, Japan,and South Korea produced by controversial memories of WWII—arguing that theabsence of shared narratives concerning such a paramount conflict represents afundamental impediment to the establishment of a cooperative security environmentin Northeast Asia.
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