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재난피해의 심리적 영향과 재난극복을 위한 심리적 조력의 방법 : 아동을 중심으로

Psychological Effects of Disaster and Strategies of Psychological Assistance for the Recovery from Disaster : Child-Focused Approach

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초록

본 고는 성인들에 비해 재난으로 인한 심리적인 영향을 더 심각하게 받으며 이러한 재난을 회복하기 위한 내적 자원이 더욱 부족한 편인 아동들에 초점을 맞춰 재난에 관한 선행연구들의 개관과 분석을 통해 재난의 심리적 영향과 회복을 돕는 심리적 조력방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 고는 아동에게 주는 심리적 영향과 관련된 요인들로 사회적 지지에의 접근, 대처기술의 사용, 가족생활의 변화, 가족 성원의 사망의 영향을 고찰하고 이러한 영향이 아동의 특성에 따라 다르게 나타나는 바를 고찰하였다. 심리적 조력 방법에서는 재난 현장에서의 응급 조력, 심리조력팀의 활동을 살펴보고 경험보고, 개인상담, 집단상담으로 아동들을 돕는 방법을 살펴보았다. 결론에서는 위에서 고찰한 선행연구의 내용을 종합하여 재난이 아동들에게 심리적인 영향을 주게 되는 과정의 요인들을 모형으로 제시하였다. 또한 심리조력 방법인 경험보고, 개인상담, 집단상담의 공통적인 성과요인들로 반응의 정상화, 위기에 대한 대처 기술 증진, 인지적 재구성 등을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 심리 조력의 방법들에 대한 선행연구들을 비판적으로 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 추후 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study reviewed exposure to disaster, social support, coping skills, changes of family life style, death of family member as factors relate to psychological effects of disaster, and different effects according to children's individual differences. This study also reviewed assistance methods at disaster site, methods of individual and group counseling, and debriefing. Model of psychological effects process and common outcome factors of debriefing, individual and group counseling were presented. Critical analysis of previous studies and recommendations for future study were discussed.

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