본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

National Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Perceived Discrimination and Social Adaptation among North Korean Refugees

유호열|김희진
한국국방연구원 (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses)|2014.12|The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis|제26권 제4호|pp. 447-469|DOI 10.22883/kjda.2014.26.4.003

3

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

mediating effectNorth Korean refugeesnational identitysocial adaptationperceived discrimination

초록

The purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of social adaptationamong North Korean refugees in South Korea. The paper hypothesizes that therelationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation in SouthKorea will be mediated by national identity. To test this, a survey was conductedof 405 North Korean refugees in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in South Korea. Social adaptation among North Korean refugees was associated with perceiveddiscrimination in South Korea. That relationship was mediated by their nationalidentity. In this study, national identity was a partial rather than a full mediator ofthe relationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation. This isconsistent with the hypothesis that perceived discrimination has not only directeffects on social adaptation, but also has indirect effects on social adaptationthrough national identity as a mediator. Based on the findings, this study presentspractical suggestions for intervention for reducing their discrimination experienceand promoting social adaptation and national identity among North Koreanrefugees in South Korea.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of social adaptationamong North Korean refugees in South Korea. The paper hypothesizes that therelationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation in SouthKorea will be mediated by national identity. To test this, a survey was conductedof 405 North Korean refugees in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in South Korea. Social adaptation among North Korean refugees was associated with perceiveddiscrimination in South Korea. That relationship was mediated by their nationalidentity. In this study, national identity was a partial rather than a full mediator ofthe relationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation. This isconsistent with the hypothesis that perceived discrimination has not only directeffects on social adaptation, but also has indirect effects on social adaptationthrough national identity as a mediator. Based on the findings, this study presentspractical suggestions for intervention for reducing their discrimination experienceand promoting social adaptation and national identity among North Koreanrefugees in South Korea.

참고문헌 (79)

  1. Clare Cassidy, "Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-Esteem", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(3) (2004)
  2. Survey on the Cultural Enjoyment of Immigrants, "Korea Culture & Tourism Institute", Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, ~ (2008)
  3. "Association for North Korean Refugees" (2001)[URL]
  4. Research on the North Korean Female Defectors’ Human Rights: Escape From North Korea and Adaptation to South Korean, "Park Sun-seong", National Human Rights Commission of Korea, ~ (2009)
  5. Yoon In-jin, "Social Exclusion and Social Integration of Minorities: The Experience of North Korean Migrants", Journal of Social Research, 7(1), pp.41~90 (2006)
  6. 김혜숙, "우리나라 사람들이 가지는 가치가 소수 집단에 대한 편견적 태도에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 21(4), pp.91~104 (2007), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  7. Chun Woo-young, "Stereotypes of North Korea and Psychological Distance Toward Unification", The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 14(1), pp.167~184 (2000)
  8. Ronald C. Kessler, "The Prevalence, Distribution, and Mental Health Correlates of Perceived Discrimination in the United States", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, pp.208~230 (1999)
  9. Melissa L. Greene, "Trajectories of Perceived Adult and Peer Discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American Adolescents:Patterns and Psychological Correlates", Developmental Psychology, 42(2), pp.218~236 (2006)
  10. Christopher T. H. Liang, "The Role of Collective Self-Esteem for Asian Americans Experiencing Racism-Related Stress: A Test of Moderator and Mediator Hypotheses", Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(1), pp.19~28 (2008)
  11. Krysia N. Mossakowski, "Coping with Perceived Discrimination: Does Ethnic Identity Protect Mental Health?", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(3), pp.318~331 (2003)
  12. David R. Williams, "Racial", ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings from Community Studies, 2003, pp.93(2), 200~208
  13. Ethel Alderete, "Depressive Symptomatology: Prevalence and Psychosocial Risk Factors among Mexican Migrant Farmworkers in California", Journal of Community Psychology, 27(4), pp.457~471 (1999)
  14. Dina Birman, "A Tale of Two Cities: Replication of a Study on the Acculturation and Adaptation of Immigrant Adolescents from the Former Soviet Union in a Different Community Context", American Journal of Community Psychology, 35(1–2), pp.83~101 (2005)
  15. Lydia Kovacev, "Acculturation and Social Support in Relation to Psychosocial Adjustment of Adolescent Refugees Resettled in Australia", International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(3), pp.259~267 (2004)
  16. Karmela Liebkind, "The Influence of Experiences of Discrimination on Psychological Stress: A Comparison of Seven Immigrant Groups", Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 10(1), pp.1~16 (2000)
  17. Kim Young-ha, "Improvement Direction of System and Programs for Saeteomin’s Local Community Adaptation", The 21 Century Political Science Association, 18(2), pp.255~284 (2008)
  18. 김희진, "탈북여성의 정신건강과 부부적응을 위한 TSL 가족프로그램 개입 효과 : 의생명사회과학적 관점(Bio-Medico-Social(BMS) Perspective)을 중심으로", 박사, 사회복지정책협동과정 사회복지학전공, pp.2013
  19. 2013 White Paper, "Ministry of Unification", Ministry of Unification, ~ (2013)
  20. "I Really Can’t Understand ‘South Korean Capitalism", The Hankyoreh, April 21, 2014, ~ (2014)
  21. Mikael Hjerm, "National Identities, National Pride and Xenophobia: A Comparison of Four Western Countries", Acta Sociologica, 41(4), pp.335~347 (1998)
  22. 이금순, "여성이주자의 사회적응과정 연구: 북한이탈주민 사례를 중심으로", 아시아여성연구, 45(1), pp.191~234 (2006), 아시아여성연구소
  23. 하영수, "북한이탈주민의 지원정책과 적응실태에 관한 연구", 대한정치학회보, 17(1), pp.125~141 (2009), 대한정치학회
  24. 강해성, "북한이탈여성의 남한사회 초기적응 경험에 관한 연구", 석사, 사회복지학, pp.2011
  25. 편송경, "북한이탈주민의 남한사회 적응에 관한 연구", 박사, 사회복지학, pp.2009
  26. 조영아, "북한이탈주민의 차별경험이 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향:자아존중감과 자기 효능감의 매개효과", 상담학연구, 12(1), pp.1~19 (2011), 한국상담학회
  27. 김나연, "북한 이탈주민의 지각된 스트레스 및 자존감이 우울에 미치는 영향 : 차별감과 억제형 대처양식의 조절효과를 중심으로", 석사, 교육학과 교육상담전공, pp.2012
  28. 독고순, "비교 문화적 관점에서의 탈북 주민 적응 연구", 박사, 사회학, pp.2000
  29. 이재민, "북한이탈주민의 남한사회 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인", 사회복지정책, 33(33), pp.61~84 (2008), 한국사회복지정책학회
  30. Aaron Antonovsky, "The Social Meaning of Discrimination", Phylon, 21(1), pp.81~ (1960)
  31. Richard J. Contrada, "Measures of Ethnicity-Related Stress: Psychometric Properties, Ethnic Group Differences, and Associations with Well-Being", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(9), pp.1775~1820 (2001)
  32. 김수진, "다문화가정 자녀의 차별경험과 언어문제가 심리사회적 적응에 미치는 영향 : 자아탄력성과 가족건강성의 조절효과", 석사, 심리학과, pp.2013
  33. Lorelynn Mirage Cardo, "Development of an Instrument Measuring Valence of Ethnicity and Perception of Discrimination", Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22(1), pp.49~59 (1994)
  34. Elena Flores, "Perceived Discrimination, Perceived Stress, and Mental and Physical Health among Mexican-Origin Adults", Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(4), pp.401~424 (2008)
  35. Ying, Yu-Wen, "Cultural Orientation and Racial Discrimination:Predictors of Coherence in Chinese American Young Adults", Journal of Community Psychology, 28(4), pp.427~442 (2000)
  36. Hope Landrine, "The Schedule of Racist Events: A Measure of Racial Discrimination and a Study of Its Negative Physical and Mental Health Consequences", Journal of Black Psychology, 22(2), pp.144~168 (1996)
  37. Rogers Brubaker, "Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany" (1992), Harvard University Press
  38. Terry Clark, "International Marketing and National Character: A Review and Proposal for an Integrative Theory", Journal of Marketing, 54(4), pp.66~79 (1990)
  39. 장승진, "다문화주의에 대한 한국인들의 태도: 경제적 이해관계와 국가 정체성의 영향을 중심으로", 한국정치학회보, 44(3), pp.97~119 (2010), 한국정치학회
  40. M. D. R. Evans, "National Pride in the Developed World: Survey Data from 244 Nations", International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14(3), pp.303~338 (2002)
  41. You, "Effects of History Education Activities on Children’s Formation of National Identity and Historical Knowledge", ~
  42. Stephen Castles, "The Age of Migration", pp.537~542 (2003), The Guilford Press
  43. 윤인진, "한국인의 국민정체성에 대한 인식과 다문화 수용성", 통일문제연구, 23(1), pp.143~192 (2011), 평화문제연구소
  44. Choi, "Study on the Formation of National Identity for Elementary and Secondary School Pupils", 1~76
  45. 김병조, "세계화시대의 국민정체성 비교연구", 정신문화연구, 25(2), pp.31~53 (2002), 한국학중앙연구원
  46. 온만금, "세계화 속에서 한국과 일본의 국가 정체성에 관한 비교연구", 사회연구, 9(1), pp.129~151 (2008), 한국사회조사연구소
  47. Anthony D. Ong, "Competence under Challenge: Exploring the Protective Influence of Parental Support and Ethnic Identity in Latino College Students", Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), pp.961~979 (2006)
  48. Yi Soon-Hyung, "Social and Psychological Acculturation of North Korean Defector Families" (2007), Sun Press
  49. 권나혜, "남한 내 탈북이주민 대학생의 정체성과 생활경험", 석사, 사회학, pp.2006
  50. 이화진, "탈북여성의 이주경험을 통한 정체성 변화과정: 북한, 중국, 한국에서의 이성 관계를 중심으로", 여성학연구, 21(3), pp.173~211 (2011), 여성연구소
  51. 오원환, "탈북 청년의 정체성 연구 : 탈북에서 탈남까지", 박사, 언론학, pp.2011
  52. 박서연, "북한 이주 청년들의 진로 모색 과정을 통해 본 생애 전략", 석사, 문화학, pp.2008
  53. Roberta Rubin Greene, "Human behavior theory and Social Work Practice" (1999), Transaction Publishers
  54. Yoon In-jin, "The New Approach for Social Adaptation in South Korea and Resettlement Support among North Koran Defectors", Korean Journal of Sociology, 33(3), pp.511~549 (1999)
  55. Carel B. Germain, "The Life Model of Social Work Practice: Advances in Theory & Practice" (1996), Columbia University Press
  56. Colleen Ward, "The Measurement of Sociocultural Adaptation", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(4), pp.659~677 (1999)
  57. John W. Berry, "Comparative Studies of Acculturative Stress", International Migration Review, 111(3), pp.491~511 (1987)
  58. Cha Jae-ho, "Beyond a Barrier for South and North Korea: Unification and Psychological Unity", 1st Annual Conference Report for Unification, pp.1~17 (1994), The Korean Psychological Association
  59. A Study on Early Adaptation Experiences of North Korean Women Defectors in South Korea, "Kang Hae-seong", ~
  60. 조동운, "북한이탈주민의 정착지원 방안에 관한 연구", 한국치안행정논집, 8(2), pp.25~50 (2011), 한국치안행정학회
  61. A Study on the Support Policy and Adaptation of North Korean Refugees, "Ha Young-su", 125~142
  62. Elizabeth A Pascoe, "Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review", Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), pp.531~ (2009)
  63. The Role of Coping in the Relationship between Perceived Racism and Racism-Related Stress for Asian Americans: Gender Differences, "Liang", 132~
  64. Krysia N. Mossakowski, "Coping with Perceived Discrimination:Does Ethnic Identity Protect Mental Health?", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(3), pp.318~331 (2003)
  65. Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health: Evidence and Needed Research, "Williams", 20~47
  66. Jang Myung-sun, "A Study on the Actual Conditions of North Korean Female Defectors in Seoul and Support Policies", pp.1~343 (2009), Seoul Foundation Women and Family
  67. 오경자, "해외거주 후 국내대학에 진학한 귀국 대학생의 문화적응양상과 심리사회적 적응", 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 16(2), pp.125~146 (2010), 한국문화및사회문제심리학회
  68. 노충래, "재외국민특례입학생의 대학생활적응에 관한 연구 스트레스, 자긍심, 삶의 만족도 및 대학환경인식의 관계와 서비스욕구를 중심으로", 정신보건과 사회사업, 13(13), pp.87~119 (2002), 한국정신보건사회복지학회
  69. 이주원, "귀국 대학생의 민족적 정체감과 정서적 소외감이 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향 : 재외 한국학교에서 청소년기를 보내고 귀국한 대학생을 중심으로", 석사, 상담심리전공, pp.2013
  70. David R Williams, "Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socio-Economic Status, Stress and Discrimination", Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), pp.335~351 (1997)
  71. A Study on Family Stability and Social Adjustment of North Korean Refugees and Women’s Role, "Chang Hye-kyung", Korean Women’s Development Institute Research Report, 139~159 (2000)
  72. Peter Kennedy, "A Guide to Econometrics, 6th edition" (2008), Blackwell
  73. Reuben M. Baron, "The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), pp.1173~1182 (1986)
  74. Kim Jae Yop, "Family Violence and Dating Violence in Korea", Journal of family violence, 29(1), pp.27~ (2014)
  75. John W. Berry, "Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation", Applied Psychology, 46(1), pp.5~34 (1977)
  76. Jennifer Croker, "The Handbook of Social Psychology", pp.520~553 (1998), McGraw-Hill
  77. Stephen Castles, "The Age of Migration", pp.537~542 (2003), The Guilford Press
  78. 김재영, "북한 이탈주민의 적응과 삶의 질에 관한 연구", 박사, 행정학, pp.2005
  79. Korean Ministry of Gender Equality and Family Research Report: Customized Support Plan for Victimized North Korean Female Refugees, "Kim Jae-yop", Korean Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, ~ (2012)

관련 논문AI추천

The Effects of Discrimination Experience on Life Satisfaction of North Korean Refugees: Mediating Effect of Stress권영대, 김민지, 김진석, 노진원, 박현춘, 유시은대한신경정신의학회 · PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION2018 · 제15권 제1호The Factors Affecting the Development of National Identity as South Korean in North Korean Refugees Living in South Korea엄진섭, 유시은, 전우택대한신경정신의학회 · PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION2012 · 제9권 제3호북한이탈주민의 건강상태가 사회적응에 미치는 영향 및 국민정체성의 조절효과전병주인문사회과학연구소 · 인문사회과학연구2017 · 제18권 제1호북한이탈주민이 다문화집단에 대해 느끼는 현실갈등인식이 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향: 지각된 차별감의 매개효과를 중심으로양계민, 이우영한국사회및성격심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격2016 · 제30권 제1호북한이탈주민의 차별경험이 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향:자아존중감과 자기 효능감의 매개효과조영아한국상담학회 · 상담학연구2011 · 제12권 제1호북한이탈주민의 외상경험과 적응의 관계 -복합 외상후 스트레스장애의 매개효과 분석-김희진, 정윤경한국사회복지연구회 · 사회복지연구2014 · 제45권 제4호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

Should Japan go Nuclear?Rajaram Pandapp. 407-425The 21st Century Philippine-U.S. Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA): The Philippines’ Policy in Facilitating the Obama Administration’s Strategic Pivot to AsiaRenato Cruz De Castropp. 427-446Toward a Governance System and Political Understanding to Permit a Verified Nuclear-free Korean Peninsula: Policy Developments and Operational Challenges조윤영pp. 471-486The U.S.-ROK Alliance in Coping with North Korea’s Nuclear Threat권은덕pp. 487-503The Effects of Joint Education Programs on Cohesion among South Korean Military Academy Cadets조원광, 김인수pp. 505-519
원문 보기