명청 시기 묘족의 결혼문화 고찰

Abstract

The whole Yun Nan and Zui Zhou region was where Chinese ethnic minorities have been distributed over a wide area from the past and where various ethnic groups as Miao zu, Dong zu, Yi zu, Shui zu, and Bu Yi zu have resided in. Specially, Miao zu is the ethic group with the greatest number of population followed by Han zu, Zang zu, Manchu zu, and Hui zu among minorities in China, and they have maintained their own unique culture and tradition while residing in this region for a long time. The culture and custom of marriage of Miao zu in Ming,Qing dynasty are well explained in literatures as di fang zhi and chen ding 「dian qian tu si hun li ji」, 「dian qian ji you」, fang ting xian 「miao su ji wen」, tian min 『qian shu』, and li zong fang 『qian ji』. Traces of prehistoric culture of the matrilineal clan society are still remained in the marriage custom of Miao zu. Customs as tiao yue and ma lang fang are representing the free and open dating style and marriage culture of Miao zu of the time well. Also, it was identified that customs that have been implemented in matrilineal clan society are still remained through the bioa qin hun system of marrying children of sister and brother together and custom of zuo jia of living in married woman’s parents home before giving childbirth after marriage. However, women could not be completely free from cultural influence of the Feudal yegyo of Han Chinese in Miao zu society during the MingQuing dynasty. The Feudal yegyo ideology of Han Chinese that emphasized authority of men and considered women as belonging of men is manifested in marriage culture of the upper class of Miao zu society. The Deungcheop system of having and getting married with a concubine, the liu yi conducted in wedding ceremony, and various kinds of norms required by women after marriage are similar to the contents that have been carried out by the Han Chinese Confucian culture. Even though Mio zu was relatively less affected by the feudal Confucianism culture compare to other ethnic minorities because the residential area of Mio zu at the time was located in deteriorated and remote area, but Confucianism culture was widely disseminated already in marriage custom and system of the upper class of Mio zu.