여성은 ‘남성’이 될 수 있다: 나이지리아 남동부 지역 은스카(Nsukka) 이그보족(Igbo)의 의식(儀式)과 양성 평등
A woman can become a ‘man’: Rituals and gender equality among the Nsukka Igbo of south-eastern Nigeria
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성 불평등을 연구하는 학자들은 성 평등을 도울 수 있는메커니즘으로서 의식을 무시하는 경향이 있다. 심지어 의식이 성별간의 평등 격차를 줄이는데 있어 가장 중요한 것임이 명백할 때조차도 말이다. 이그보족(Igbo)에서 기본적으로 남성 지배적인 화신(incarnate beings) 제도를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 의식이 어떻게 여성을역량강화하여 남성과 동등한 지위를 획득하도록 하며 그러한 관습에적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 돕는지 설명한다. 여성이 사회에어떻게 받아들여지는지, 자연, 그리고 의식의 의미 겸 본질에 대한의문 등을 제기할 것이다. 이 논문은 의식을 거친 여성의 구두인터뷰, 참가자 관찰, 영상물, 그리고 사진을 사용하여 의식이 양성평등을 이루는 데 있어 강력한 힘을 갖고 있다고 주장한다. 본논문은 의식의 논리를 설명하고 이그보(Igbo) 사회의 무형유산이어떻게 성 불평등 격차를 해소하는 데 도움이 되는지를 밝히는 것을목적으로 한다.
Abstract
Scholars of gender inequality tend to neglect ritual as a mechanism that can aid gender equality – even when it is obvious that rituals are cardinal in bridging the equality gap between genders. Basing its argument on the incarnate being institution among the Igbo, an essentially male-dominated institution, this study explains how rituals empower women to attain equal status with men and help them to participate actively in the institution. Questions to address include how women are admitted into the society, nature and meaning-cum-essence of the rituals. Using oral interviews, participant observation, video clips and photographs of women who underwent rituals, this paper argues that ritual is a potent force in the attainment of gender equality. This paper aims to help elucidate the logic of the rituals and bring to the fore how the intangible heritage of an Igbo society helps bridge the gender inequality gap.
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