1930년대연변지역 韓人 '集團部落'의 설치와 통제적 생활상

Abstract

The Korean collective village in Yanbian area was formed compulsorily in Yanbian area in 1930s by Japanese imperialism. It was the product formed in the course of strengthening the continent invasion policy of Japanese imperialism. Japanese imperialism promoted the policy of the collective village under the pretext of the protection of the Koreans in Manchuria from bandits and their economical independence, what is called “a policy to change a tenant farmer into an independent farmer”. But its aim was to bind the Koreans in Yanbian to land and to sever their connection with anti-Japanese militants under Japanese aggression logic. Yanbian area was the place where formerly Korean communities developed. Therefore the anti-Japanese armed struggle briskly spread in Yanbian area and Japanese imperialism founded the collective village with a special feature of military aim to oppress the anti-Japanese armed militants. In this point the Korean collective village is different from “a safe farm village”. The Korean collective villages were founded in 28 places by 3 times a year from 1933 through 1935. As the village established a body for self-defense with its lower unit, Joseoninminhoi (Korean people's council) under the supervision of the colonial Japanese government in Korea, it had a special feature of self-defense by itself. The collective village was founded by the Oriental colonization company and its conditions of location and selection process of the persons to be admitted passed through the proposal of the colonial Japanese government in Korea. The villages were founded 3 times. The villages at the 1st and 2nd period were founded comparatively on a large scale, however, the scale of the village at the 3rd period diminished gradually. But the foundation of the collective village which was fully accelerated again starting from the establishment of Manseon colonization company brought about continuous mass emigration till Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule. It played the most effective role to control the Korean people in Yanbian area. The collective villages founded in each local administrative district (hyeon) were alike in their structure and operation condition, however, according to the condition of the local administrative district, they had different peculiarities. The villages in Yanji and Hunchun hyeon were called the village of the colonial Japanese government in Korea because they had the most pro-Japanese people's council among the collective villages. As there was a intense battle between the Japanese army and anti-Japanese militants in Hwaryong hyeon and deportation to Wangcheong hyeon was performed after 1937, the Korean people in these areas suffered severe violence. In spite that the collective village in Ando hyeon was founded as planned, the Korean people suffered such violence. The violence and aggressiveness of the collective village policy is revealed straightforwardly in the oral statement of the people who were taken to the collective village.