定齋 柳致明 종가 3대의 독립운동

Abstract

Jeongjae Ryoo Chee-Myeog (1777~1861) who succeeded to Toigye school ties was a prominent scholar representing Toigye cultural area in 1800s. As his family held such a high status, it could not turn its role and load away during times of historical rapid changes of the situation. Ryoo Ji-Ho (1825~1904), Ryoo’s Chee-Myeong son started to stand against external invasion, and his grandsons, Ryoo Yeon-Bak (1844~1925) and Ryoo Yeon-Seong (1892~1948), and his great-grandsons, Dong-Si Ryoo (1886~1961) and Dong-Jeo Ryoo plunged into an independence movement, that is, three generations started the independence movement. In the study, I traced their independence movement and aimed to sort out its historical status. An army raised in the cause of justice was the starting point of the Korea’s independence movement. As Ryoo Ji-Ho participated in it, the independence movement of Jeongjae’s head family started. When the army in the cause of justice was raised in Andong in Decemeber, 1895, he participated in the army as a leader, and his son, Ryoo Yeon-Bak played an active part in Andong army camp as a staff officer. The next stage of the independence movement was a save-the-nation enlightenment drive. Hyeobdong school and Andong branch of Daehan Association worked actively in Andong. The people in Jeongjae’s head family contributed to Hyeobdong school. Particularly, as the leaders of Hyeobdong school moved to Manchuria in order to establish a base for an army for national independence after the Japanese annexation of Korea, the Ryoo family in Moosil village, originated from Jeonjoo, took over the school. Due to this, Hyeobdong school could move to Jeongjae’s head house. This means that the disposition of Jeongjae’s head family changed from “keeping the right way and studies and casting by evil studies” to the save-the-nation enlightenment drive. His head family played a crucial part in cultivating talented people suitable for the new era. Of course, the choice of Ryoo Yeon-Bak , the head of the main family was decisive. The activities of the two brothers, Ryoo Yeon-Bak and Ryoo Yeon-Seong, and father and son, Ryoo Yeon-Bak and Ryoo Dong-Si were remarkable. The person who pushed the button of the declaration of independence and the hurrah movement arisen in Imdong Chatgeori market was Ryoo Dong-Si, and it was flowered by Ryoo Yeon-Seong. Particularly, the hurrah movement in Imdong drew very strong struggle which could not be compared to any other movement in the country. Ryoo Yeon-Bak participated in “the Campaign to send a long letter to Paris Peace Conference” around that time. The Confucian scholars sent a long letter to Paris Peace Conference asking Korea’s independence, and Ryoo Yeon-Bak and his son-in-law, Kim Se-Dong supported the campaign through fund raising. In 1920s Ryoo Yeon-Bak’s second son, Ryoo Dong-Jeo carried on his family line by participating in a youth movement and social movement. He participated in a young men’s association in Andong and would give a lecture and led a discussion there. Also he assumed the post of the general secretary of Andong branch of Joseon Laborer Mutual Aid Association which was the first organization of a labor movement in Korea, that is, a young man from a family of a nobleman, not from the working class led the early labor movement. This means that the early labor movement was not a simple labor movement, but a movement for national independence to settle a national matter, and this means the change from an enlightenment movement to a social movement. The historical status of Jeongjae’s head family was very high in Toigye cultural area. Such a high position was a historical burden for the people of the family. Three generations of Jeongjae’s family did not avoided it, but faced it, and their activities changed from the campaign “keeping the right way and studies and casting by evil studies” to the save-the-nation enlightenment drive, and then to the social movement. Their activities were the struggle to protect and restore the country as well as to fulfill their historical obligations. The independence movement of Jeongjae’s head family was one of the typical cases that traditional Confucian family faced a national matter from generation to generation.