國際物品賣買契約上의 免責規則에 관한 一考察
A Study on Exemption Rules under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
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Abstract
This paper explores certain provisions of Art. 79 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), which grants a party in breach of some exemption from his non-performance of any of contractual obligations under prescribed conditions. This treatment is of theoretical and practical importance because it is an exception to the basic principle of "pacta sunt servanda." This paper is structured as follows. Following the introductory remarks (§I), it briefly observes the legislative history of CISG Art. 79 (§II) before analyzing the relevant requirements for exemption (§III) and the effect of such exemption (§IV) under the Art. 79, followed by the conclusion (§V).Under the Art. 79(1), a party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his obligations if he proves that (i) the failure was due to an impediment beyond his control, (ii) he could not reasonably be expected to have taken the impediment into account at the time of the conclusion of the contract, and (iii) after the impediment has been materialized, he could not reasonably be expected to have avoided or overcome it or its consequences; Such exemption has effect for the period during which the impediment exists (Art. 79(3)). Despite such exemption, the aggrieved party still can exercise any of his rights other than to claim damages under CISG (Art. 79(5)). Such preserved rights include the right to require (i) performance, (ii) delivery for substitution(s), (iii) to cure the lack of performance by the party in breach, (iv) right to declare the contract avoided and (v) if not precluded, to receive interest on sum in arrears. Also, a aggrieved buyer can reduce the price.
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