[연구노트] 한국전쟁 발발 후 북한난민에 대한 중국정부의 정책

Abstract

The Korean War, which also marked as national fratricidal war, broke out on June 25, 1950. The opinions about whether the War is Southward Aggression or Northward Aggression is widely divided. However, with ending of the Cold War and opening to the public of the Russian archives, the conclusion that the War is southward Aggression came up. As for the War, it is said that Kim Il was supported by Stalin and got agreed by Mao Zedong. Mao supported Kim not only because China and North Korea belonged to the same Socialist Camp during the Cold War, but also because that the Communist Party of China(CPC) got disinterested assistance from the North Korean government in the Northeast China during the Period of Liberation War. Therefore, massing troops of CPC were dispatched soon after the War broke out. What’s more, lots of North Korean refugees were accepted and rehoused within China, while the Chinese Civil War had just been completed and the domestic economy was very difficult. It is no exaggeration to say that everything that can be done for the North Korean refugees had been done by Chinese government. Specialized agencies had been established for accepting and managing the North Korean refugees in a planned way in the China-DPRK frontier, especially, Chinese government established schools for those North Korean war orphans and took all their financial responsibility. In 1953 when the War finished, many North Korean refugees left in China, Chinese government created favorable conditions for them , even provide travel expenses. Also, respecting the fact that North Korea is short of labor force when promoting domestic economic construction, Chinese government was required to mobilize Korean emigrants and Korean Chinese to return North Korea. For this, Chinese government agreed without hesitation. Around 1958, many Korean emigrants and Korean Chinese were sent back to North Korea.