사용자의 욕구 · 기억 체계와 디자인의 연관성 : 관련 인지심리 원리 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Unlike the industrial era in which machine-centered thinking prevailed, in the present era, corporate interests and consumer desires have changed, which has led to consumer trends in the pursuit of personalization, emotional significance, and psychological value. Therefore, one of the major modern design paradigms is “Human-centered Design.” To adapt to these social changes, designers need to have design knowledge and methodology that are related to user psychology. In particular, cognitive psychological knowledge that assists in structuring and visualizing consumer psychology can be a great asset. Therefore, this study examined the principles of cognitive psychology, which can be useful in design works. The aim of the study was to provide systematic information on cognitive psychological principles, which are necessary for designing high-quality experiences for 21st-century consumers. (Method) The study was conducted using literature reviews and case analyses. Literature related to cognitive psychology, design psychology, design science, and information processing models was examined. In addition, the actual design cases related to each psychological principle were analyzed and presented as empirical data to support the claims of this paper. (Results) This study utilized the classification of information processing model proposed by J. T. Reason, which consists of input function, need system, memory system, intention system, behavior system, and output system. Among these systems, this study focused on the need system, which supports the formation of motivation in design. It also analyzed the memory system, which governs the cognitive processes of short-term and long-term memory, and which also manages the retrievals and regulations of the stored information. Design principles of cognitive psychology related to the need system were presented with the scarcity effect, licensing effect, expectation effect, and Maslow’s need hierarchy. Design cases to which these principles are applied were also analyzed. Design principles of cognitive psychology related to the memory system were presented with the long-term and short-term memory system, picture superiority effect, serial position effect, recall vs. recognition, von Restorff effect, interference effect, mental model, and storytelling effect. Design cases to which these principles for the memory system are applied were also analyzed. (Conclusions) This paper argues that for 21st-century designs that emphasize human-centered thinking, it is not enough to support only the physical function and aesthetic aspect, as the designers in the past era did. Now, it is essential for the designers to meet the various cognitive psychological needs of users and to support good interactions between design and the human brain.