루이스 칸의 주택 작품에 대한 공간구문적 분석 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) Residential architecture is the starting point of all the architectures and the master architects in the modern times had developed their ideas on the architectures and design concepts by the residential works. Understanding of residential architectures of the master architects in the modern times can be a way to identify their architectural philosophies rapidly. Based on this background, this study tries to analyze the quantitative space on the two-dimensional space focusing on Louis I. Kahn’s residential architectures. The objective of this study is to reveal the trends of changes by the times on the concepts of spatial organization in his residential architectures upon analyzing the relationship quantitatively between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space’ which are his representative space concepts and the architectural works from 1940s to 1970s that he designed. (Method) The subjects of this study were Louis Kahn’s 11 residential works designed or completed between 1940s and 1970s. To evaluate them quantitatively in detail, they were analyzed with four variables including ‘Connectivity,’ Control Value,’ ‘Integration,’ and ‘Intelligibility’ of Space Syntax. Significant mean differences of connectivity and control value was found between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space.’ With respect to the mean values of integration, few differences were found between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space.’ (Results) Louise Kahn designed the space clearly separated by ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space’ through the changes of connectivity and control value. Control value which is a variable related to connectivity can be interpreted that was designed without significant differences between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space.’ Louise Kahn’s architectures had been changed as the combination of multiple geometric types by the times, however, the concepts of ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space’ were designed consistently to separate the spaces clearly. (Conclusions) Upon the analysis of integration values of living room and main bedroom that are the most representative space among ‘Served Spaces,’ integration value of living room showed higher than the overall mean value, which seemed to be designed to raise the connectivity of living room. Main bedrooms were designed for lower connectivity than overall mean value and most of the architectural works were intended to lower connectivity and to empathize the privacy. However, it is analyzed that the architectural works in late 1950s and 1960 – 1970s focused more on improving connectivity rather than considering privacy for main bedrooms. Although the mean value of integration of kitchen space is generally anticipated to show the value in between those of living room and main bedroom, the lowest integration value was shown in the kitchen among three spaces in Kahn’s architectures, which is significantly different from the two-dimensional space organization with LDK type recently appeared in the drawings of the recent houses.