Using a Corpus Method to Understanding Universal-Design-Related Terms
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(Background and Purpose) Growing numbers of elderly people and people with difficulties in mobility call for a change in the perception of design approaches related to the concepts of accessibility and usability for all people. One concern raised by the current use of terminology related to the concept of accessible design is the potential inappropriate usage of design terminology due to a lack of clear semantic distinctions among similar terms. Based on this observation, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the nature of various universal-design-related terms by reviewing and examining the usage of design terminology mentioned in scholarly papers by professional researchers and experts. (Method) This study employs corpus analysis methods, using the Python program. For the data collection, the study used universal-design-related keywords to search abstracts of academic papers published from 2003 to 2021 through Scopus and KCI. The keywords included, for example, ‘universal design’, ‘inclusive design’, ‘barrier free’, ‘accessible design’, ‘aging in place’, ‘adaptive design’, and ‘socially weak’. Based on the frequency analysis, Python was used to generate WordClouds and martic charts to visualize the usage and relationships of the frequently occurring words in the two corpora. (Results) The results suggest that the Korean context, universal-design-related words are largely related to the concepts of disability and age in public spaces, indicating that the application of the universal design approach focuses on addressing the needs of the specific populations of people with disabilities and older persons in public spaces (i.e., as opposed to, for example, housing) rather than on all people in all social contexts. In the foreign corpus, the universal-design-related words are largely related to concepts of people in general, regardless of physical ability or age, and of general accessibility, and indicates that such universal-design-related words might be most frequently applied to living environments, in particular housing. (Conclusions) The results of the analysis in this paper can be summarized as follows. First, Korean and overseas professional researchers’ perceptions of universal-design-related concepts might differ. In the Korean context, ‘disabled’ and ‘elderly’ seem the more important concepts. On the other hand, for non-Korean professional researchers, ‘people’ and ‘accessibility’ seem more important in the application of the universal-design-related approach. Second, Korean researchers have been interested in the application of universal design in the fields of public spaces and facilities, overseas studies have instead focused more on how universal design can be applied in various areas related to society, in particular living environments, buildings, housing, and human rights. This study provides theoretical implication. By re-examining the definition and principles of universal design, and distinguishing it from other related labels for this approach to design, the study’s findings call for further research to facilitate re-establishing or re-conceptualizing sub-elements of universal design.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) Growing numbers of elderly people and people with difficulties in mobility call for a change in the perception of design approaches related to the concepts of accessibility and usability for all people. One concern raised by the current use of terminology related to the concept of accessible design is the potential inappropriate usage of design terminology due to a lack of clear semantic distinctions among similar terms. Based on this observation, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the nature of various universal-design-related terms by reviewing and examining the usage of design terminology mentioned in scholarly papers by professional researchers and experts. (Method) This study employs corpus analysis methods, using the Python program. For the data collection, the study used universal-design-related keywords to search abstracts of academic papers published from 2003 to 2021 through Scopus and KCI. The keywords included, for example, ‘universal design’, ‘inclusive design’, ‘barrier free’, ‘accessible design’, ‘aging in place’, ‘adaptive design’, and ‘socially weak’. Based on the frequency analysis, Python was used to generate WordClouds and martic charts to visualize the usage and relationships of the frequently occurring words in the two corpora. (Results) The results suggest that the Korean context, universal-design-related words are largely related to the concepts of disability and age in public spaces, indicating that the application of the universal design approach focuses on addressing the needs of the specific populations of people with disabilities and older persons in public spaces (i.e., as opposed to, for example, housing) rather than on all people in all social contexts. In the foreign corpus, the universal-design-related words are largely related to concepts of people in general, regardless of physical ability or age, and of general accessibility, and indicates that such universal-design-related words might be most frequently applied to living environments, in particular housing. (Conclusions) The results of the analysis in this paper can be summarized as follows. First, Korean and overseas professional researchers’ perceptions of universal-design-related concepts might differ. In the Korean context, ‘disabled’ and ‘elderly’ seem the more important concepts. On the other hand, for non-Korean professional researchers, ‘people’ and ‘accessibility’ seem more important in the application of the universal-design-related approach. Second, Korean researchers have been interested in the application of universal design in the fields of public spaces and facilities, overseas studies have instead focused more on how universal design can be applied in various areas related to society, in particular living environments, buildings, housing, and human rights. This study provides theoretical implication. By re-examining the definition and principles of universal design, and distinguishing it from other related labels for this approach to design, the study’s findings call for further research to facilitate re-establishing or re-conceptualizing sub-elements of universal design.
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