중국 전통 서원의 공간적 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) As a cultural heritage, academies continue to play a role in modern society. As an important base for the development and dissemination of Confucian culture, the architectural space of the Chinese traditional academy contains profound cultural connotations. The Chinese confucian academy, established during the Tang Dynasty and has developed with a history of over 1000 years, is closely related to traditional Chinese thoughts, culture, and society, forming spatial organizational principles and forms. The purpose of this study is to conduct a theoretical investigation of the Chinese traditional academies and summarize their spatial characteristics. Through the research on the spatial aspects of traditional academies, a better understanding of the spatial features of Chinese confucian academies can be achieved, providing insights into their preservation, utilization, and modern design. (Method) This paper focused on the spatial characteristics of academies during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. Through literature analysis and on-site investigations, relevant data was compiled and analyzed, and academy spatial models were constructed. The correlation between academy spaces and thoughts, society, culture, and aesthetics was analyzed. The cultural-space correlation served as the analytical basis, and by analyzing representative case study academies, the spatial characteristics of Chinese academies were summarized. (Results) Through the analysis of spatial characteristics in six case studies including Yuelu Academy, Dongshan Academy, Bailudong Academy, Bailuzhou Academy, Ehu Academy, and Dufeng Academy, the spatial features of Chinese academies were summarized in terms of nature, centrality, axis, spatial composition, materials, colors, and calligraphy, highlighting their environmental, cultural, spatial, and aesthetic aspects. The environmental perspective served as the foundation for the spatial construction of traditional academies, while the cultural perspective guides the spatial organization and layout, playing the most significant role among the features of academy spaces. The natural inclination of spatial aesthetics focused on the creation of ambiance and artistic conception, emphasizing the harmonious coexistence with nature. The spatial decorations deeply embodied the shared characteristics of simplicity and elegance, ultimately forming a unique pattern of academy spaces. (Conclusion) Chinese traditional academies are the spatial and material carriers of Confucian culture inheritance, and the space is influenced by Confucian culture. The Space of the Chinese traditional academy has natural, cultural, and aesthetic characteristics. A traditional Chinese academy is a comprehensive cultural and educational space with multiple functions and cultural temperament. It not only reflects the excellent traditional cultural heritage but also can provide a powerful value reference for modern spatial design.