Kano 모델 및 AHP를 활용한 야간경관조명 요인의 중요도 분석

Abstract

(Background and Purpose) In the development and installation of nighttime landscape lighting, it is essential to establish criteria for determining user satisfaction and identifying the priority and basic requirements. Accordingly, this study aims to derive crucial lighting factors that need to be considered in nighttime landscape lighting planning, design, implementation, and approval processes, based on the opinions of both the general public and experts in the field, utilizing the Kano model and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. (Method) Lighting factors for nighttime landscape lighting were derived by analyzing the composition items and content of nighttime landscape planning guidelines from various local governments, detailed lighting plans from Seoul's "Good Lighting Review," relevant literature, and previous studies. A survey using the Kano model and AHP was conducted based on the identified lighting factors. (Results) The results of the expert group evaluation using AHP revealed that, quality factors related to "Aesthetics & Harmony, Safety, Light Pollution Prevention" were identified as the most important. These corresponded with the lighting factors assessed by the general public, who considered them strong inherent quality attributes and strong one-dimensional quality attributes. Control and management functions such as "Storytelling & Content Provision, Automatic Lighting Environment Changes," and aesthetics & harmony aspects like "Accent Lighting, Light Tunnels, Sculpture Lighting, and Gate Lighting installations" were evaluated as attractive quality attributes by the general public and were also rated as important by the expert group. (Conclusions) The following factors must be inevitably considered during planning, design, implementation, and approval processes for nighttime landscape lighting as essential elements: ① Safety: Ensuring appropriate brightness for nighttime activities, providing visibility for up to 10 meters ahead, and preventing glare. ② Aesthetics & Harmony: Illumination that considers architectural and structural features, finishing materials, and inherent landscape imagery, harmonizing with the surrounding light environment through appropriate luminance contrast and color temperature application. Avoidance of glare from lighting fixtures and their shapes and finishes should be selected considering the overall harmony with daytime and night time landscape and architecture, achieving specialized designs reflecting local characteristics and sense of place. ③ Prevention of Light Pollution : Compliance with light emission standards, ensuring the illumination angle is directed only the target objects, prevention of upward light, spill light, and trespass light, and time-specific lighting plans. ④ Energy Saving: Avoiding excessive lighting beyond necessity. ⑤ Maintenance Convenience: Usage of durable equipment, selection of fixtures with high dustproof and waterproof ratings, corrosion and degradation-resistant lighting fixture installation for easy cleaning and lamp management, and easy replacement/installation of light sources or control systems.