서비스 지원형 고령자복지주택 복지시설 공간계획에 관한 연구 - 지역사회 지속거주 개념을 중심으로 -
A study on the Space Planning for Service-Supported Senior Welfare Housing Welfare Facilities - Focusing on the Concept of Continued Residence in the Community -
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(연구배경 및 목적) 우리나라 65세 이상 고령인구 비율은 2030년에는 43%를 넘어설 것으로 전망되며, 75세 이상 후기 고령층은 ‘35년 7,301천명으로’ 23년 대비 약 2배 가까이 증가하여 의료·돌봄 수요 역시 급격하게 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 정부는 의료·건강관리·돌봄 서비스 연계를 통해 건강한 지역사회 노후생활이 가능하도록 한국형 커뮤니티케어 보편화를 목표로 하고 있으며, 이러한 지역사회 기반의 고령자 돌봄 정책의 패러다임은 노인이 자신이 살던 곳(지역)에서 가능한 한 지속적으로 살아가기의 이념인 Aging in Place(Community)가 정책의 방향성으로 반영된 것이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 저소득 고령자의 주거안정을 위해 공급되고 있는 고령자복지주택의 복지시설을 중심으로 지역사회 지속거주 개념을 고려한 공간계획 방안 기초자료를 제시하고자 하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 첫째, 이론적 고찰을 통해 본 연구와 관련된 지역사회 지속거주 개념과 고령자복지주택 관련 내용을 정리하였다. 둘째, 지역사회 지속거주를 위한 공간계획 특성을 도출하기 위해 국내외 선행연구를 분석하여 지역사회 지속거주 개념을 고려한 공간계획 분석의 틀을 마련하였다. 셋째, 분석의 틀을 기준으로 6곳의 고령자복지주택 복지시설의 사례조사를 실시하였다. 넷째, 사례분석 결과를 종합하여 지역사회 지속거주 관점의 공간계획에 대한 최종 결론을 도출하였다. (결과) 지역사회 지속거주 개념을 고려한 고령자복지주택 복지시설 계획요인은 물리적 환경의 접근성, 안전성, 쾌적성, 편의성과 사회·경제적 환경의 사회참여성, 공동체성, 교류성, 경제친화성 그리고 서비스 환경의 통합성, 서비스 접근성, 지속성, 개별성의 총 12개의 계획요소로 도출되었다. 분석결과 서비스 환경은 평균(2.77), 물리적 환경(2.38), 사회적 환경(2.37)순으로 나타나 서비스 환경이 가장 적용이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 이는 무형의 서비스제공에 따른 결과로써 돌봄 등의 다양한 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 공간계획 측면의 보완이 필요하였다. 물리적 환경은 교통·입지 접근성 측면의 적용성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 편의성의 적용성이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 사회·경제적 환경은 공동체성(2.42)이 가장 높고, 교류성(2.32)이 가장 낮게 나타나 보완이 필요하였다. (결론) 본 연구는 초고령사회에 대응하여 서비스 지원형 고령자복지주택 복지시설에 초점을 맞추어 고령자의 지역사회 지속거주를 위한 공간계획에 대한 기초자료를 제시하였다는데 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) The proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and over is expected to exceed 43%by 2030. The elderly people over 75 years of age are expected to increase to about twice the number of people in '35, 7,301 thousands in 35, 'and demand for medical and caring will increase rapidly. The government aims to universalize Korean-style community care to enable healthy retirement living in the community by linking medical, health care, and care services. This is Aging in Place, which is the philosophy of allowing older people to continue living where they used to live as much as possible. (Community) can be seen as reflected in the direction of policy. The purpose of this study is to present basic data on spatial planning measures considering the concept of continuous residence in the community, focusing on the welfare facilities of senior welfare housing provided to ensure housing stability for low-income seniors. (Method) First, through theoretical considerations, the concept of continuous residence in the community and the contents related to welfare housing for the elderly related to this study were summarized. Second, to derive the characteristics of spatial planning for sustainable residence in the community, we analyzed previous studies at home and abroad and established a framework for spatial planning analysis considering the concept of sustainable residence in the community. Third, a high-case study was conducted in six places based on the analysis framework. Fourth, In combination, the results of the case analysis resulted in a final conclusion of the spatial plan for the continuing perspective of the community. (Results) Planning factors for senior welfare housing welfare facilities considering the concept of continuous residence in the community include accessibility, safety, comfort, and convenience of the physical environment, social participation in the social and economic environment, community, exchange, economic friendliness, and integration of the service environment. A total of 12 planning elements were derived, including gender, service accessibility, sustainability, and individuality. As a result of the analysis, the service environment was in the order of average (2.77), physical environment (2.38), and social environment (2.37), showing that the service environment was the most applied. However, as a result of the provision of intangible services, it was necessary to supplement efficient space planning to provide various services such as care. The physical environment showed the highest application of transportation and location access, and the lowest application of convenience was the lowest. As for the social and economic environment, community spirit (2.42) was the highest, and exchange (2.32) was the lowest, requiring improvement. (Conclusions) This study is significant in that it presents basic data on spatial planning for the continued residence of seniors in the community at service-supported senior welfare housing facilities.
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