생태복원을 위한 브라운필드 재생 디자인의 특성 연구
A Study on the Characteristics of Brownfield's Regeneration Design for Ecological Restoration
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(연구배경 및 목적) 최근 급격한 경제 발전과 산업적 변화의 추세로 인해 도시의 구조가 바뀌고 있으나, 각종 자원이 적재적소에 활용되지 못하는 실정이다. 특히 오래된 공장 폐기 및 노후화 문제로 인해 도시가 제 기능을 못하고 있으며, 도시 재생이 요구되는 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 브라운필드 재생에서의 생태복원 이론 실행 가능성 연구, 그리고 브라운필드 재생 문제의 해결 방안 탐구를 목적으로 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 생태복원 이론을 방법론으로 하며, 브라운필드 재생 프로그램의 여러 사례를 연구 대상으로 선정했다. 선행연구를 통해 생태복원 및 브라운필드에 관한 개념을 분류하고 연구의 필요성을 밝혔다. 이에 더해 이론적 고찰을 거쳐 브라운필드 재생 프로그램의 특성을 정리하였다. 이론적 조사와 선행연구를 통해 도출된 특성으로 분석 모형을 제안하고, 선택한 사례를 대입하여 정성∙정량 분석 및 평가를 수행하여 소결을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 결론 부분에서는 연구 주제의 방향성과 전략을 제시하였다. (결과) 선정한 사례는 중국의 브라운필드 재생 디자인 관련 전공에서 다루는 폐기된 공장과 매립장 중 인지도가 높은 항목들을 포함했다. 종합분석 결과를 보면 생태복원을 위한 브라운필드의 재생 디자인 특성 5가지(지속 가능성, 역사문화의 중요성, 인지성, 과정성 및 생태와 사회의 안전성) 중 생태와 사회의 안전성이 가장 높았으며, 지속 가능성도 높은 수준을 보였다. 다음으로는 과정성이 상대적으로 낮은 편이었으며, 역사문화의 중요성과 인지성이 가장 낮게 나타났다. (결론) 다양한 브라운필드 재생 디자인에서 생태복원의 응용 범위가 광범위하게 활용되었음을 확인할 수 있다. 그러나 장소의 역사와 문화에 대한 표현에는 아직 미흡한 점이 있고, 오염 처리 기술도 여전히 개선되어야 한다. 브라운필드 재생 디자인은 특정 환경 개조에서 생태 시스템의 지속 가능한 측면을 추구하는 쪽으로 발전하고 있다. 따라서 향후 브라운필드 재생 디자인은 개조 대상 장소의 오염 문제를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 여러 방안을 참고해야 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 다음과 같은 전략을 제시한다. 우선 특정 장소가 보유하는 자원과 지역적 역사를 결합하여, 디자인 이념과 운영 모델 측면에서 지속 가능한 개발 계획을 도입해야 한다. 다음으로는 장소의 기존 생태계를 보호하는 한편, 생태복원 시스템을 활용하여 폐기물을 충분히 분류하고 재활용해야 한다. 또한, 장소와 주변 환경의 융합을 중시하고 고립된 구조의 디자인을 피해야 한다. 공업유산을 효과적으로 복원 및 재활용함으로써 공업과 자연생태를 적절히 융합시키고, 장소의 역사문화를 전승하고 프로그램의 응집력을 증가시켜야 한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) In recent years, the urban structure has undergone significant changes due to rapid economic expansion and industrial reconfiguration. Problems such as abandonment and aging of old factories resulted in the malfunction of a city, and a large proportion of the city area is transforming into the namely brownfield area– territories that suffer severely from pollution. Therefore, this study aims to study the feasibility of ecological restoration theory for brownfield regeneration and seek solutions to Brownfield's regeneration problems. (Methods) Based on the ecological restoration theory, this study selected several brownfield regeneration plans as the research object. Through an exhaustive examination of extant literature, this paper classified concepts pertinent to ecological restoration and Brownfield, thereby elucidating the imperative for scholarly investigation. Subsequently, the characteristics of Brownfield's regeneration procedure were summarized. An analysis model was proposed with characteristics derived from theoretical investigations. Moreover, qualitative & quantitative analysis and evaluation were performed by substituting selected cases to obtain the results. Finally, the conclusion, direction, and strategy of the research topic were proposed. (Results) The selected examples included well-known projects involving abandoned factories and landfills covered by a major in Brownfield's Regeneration Design in China. Comprehensive analysis results show that among the five regeneration design characteristics for ecological restoration in Brownfield (sustainability, importance of historical culture, cognition, process, and stability of ecology and society), stability of ecology and society was the highest, and sustainability was also high. Secondly, the process was relatively low, and the importance and cognition of historical culture were the lowest. (Conclusions) It can be confirmed that ecological restoration has been widely used in various brownfield regeneration designs. However, there are still deficiencies in the description of the site's history and culture, and pollution control technology still needs to be improved in many aspects. Brownfield's regenerative design is moving from single environmental transformation to sustainable development of ecosystems. Therefore, in order to deal with site pollution issues in future brownfield regeneration designs more effectively, various options need to be considered. To sum up, this article proposes the following strategies. First, it is necessary to combine the existing resources and regional history of a specific area and introduce sustainable development planning from aspects such as design concepts and operation models. Secondly, it is necessary to protect the existing ecosystem of the site, meanwhile combining it with the ecological restoration system. This will help people to adeptly classify and recycle site waste. In addition, encouraging the integration of the place and its surrounding environment, therefore avoiding isolated designs is also vital. Finally, by effectively restoring and recycling industrial heritage, industry, and natural ecology should merge harmonically. The cohesion of the program could also be improved through inheriting local history and culture.
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