미국 원주민 여성 시인의 생태주의: 크리스토스와 호건의 경우
Ecological Thoughts in the Poetry of American Indian Women: Chrystos and Linda Hogan
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This paper examines ecological thoughts in the poetry of American Indian Women by reading Menominee Indian Chrystos and Chickasaw Indian Linda Hogan. It pays more attention to the ways of how the two poets represent their respect for the natural world, the ways of how they use poetic rhetorics to present the respect, and the ways of how their poetry relates to the understanding of their tribal culture and history. Chrystos's and Hogan's ecological thoughts result from some awareness that they face very violent and oppressive realities, they criticize the American history and civilization which have colonized natives, and they keep diverse dialogical relationships with their ancestors and the land. Chrystos and Hogan are part of the literary tradition pursued by American Indian Poetry in that they respond to suffering and pain by seeking a healing, a communal relationship with the natural world.
Abstract
This paper examines ecological thoughts in the poetry of American Indian Women by reading Menominee Indian Chrystos and Chickasaw Indian Linda Hogan. It pays more attention to the ways of how the two poets represent their respect for the natural world, the ways of how they use poetic rhetorics to present the respect, and the ways of how their poetry relates to the understanding of their tribal culture and history. Chrystos's and Hogan's ecological thoughts result from some awareness that they face very violent and oppressive realities, they criticize the American history and civilization which have colonized natives, and they keep diverse dialogical relationships with their ancestors and the land. Chrystos and Hogan are part of the literary tradition pursued by American Indian Poetry in that they respond to suffering and pain by seeking a healing, a communal relationship with the natural world.
참고문헌 (13)
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- Chrystos, "Not Vanishing" (1988), Press Gang Publishers
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- Hogan, Linda, "Savings" (1988), Coffee House P
- Love, Jennifer, "Rhetorics of Truth Telling in Linda Hogan's Savings in:From the Center of Tradition: Critical perspectives on Linda Hogan", pp.81~96 (2003), UP of Colorado
- Murphy, Patrick D., "Literature, Nature, and Other: Ecofeminist Critiques" (1995), State U of new York P
- Radar, Dean, "Introduction: Generations and Emanations in:Speak to Me Words: Essays on Contemporary American Indian Poetry", pp.3~20 (2003), U of Arizona P
- Shaney, Kathryn W., "Linda Hogan in: Native American Writers of the United States", Dictionary of Literary Biography, 175, pp.123~130 (1997), Gale Research
- Smith, Ernest, "'The Inside of Lies and History': Linda Hogan's Poetry of Conscience in:From the Center of Tradition: Critical Perspectives on Linda Hogan", pp.121~134 (2003), UP of Colorado
- Wiget, Andrew, "Sending a Voice: The Emergence of Contemporary Native American Poetry", College English, 46(6), pp.598~609 (1984)
- Wilson, norma C., "The Nature of Native American Poetry" (2001), U of New Mexico P