동물 생명 박탈의 생태비평적 조망 : 미국의 전원에서 낚는 자연합일의 가능성과 자연 파괴의 위험성 -헤밍웨이의『두 마음을 가진 커다란 강』, 브라우티건의 『미국의 송어낚시』를 중심으로-
An Ecocritical Approach to Taking the Life of an Animal: the Possibility of Feeling Oneness with Nature and the Danger of Nature Destruction in American Rural Life -Focusing on Hemingway's "Big Two-Hearted River," and Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America-
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According to animal rights discourses, speciesism can be no more accepted than racism or sexism. These discourses can be understood as the application to animals of anti-anthropocentric ecological theories such as Roderick Nash's ethical extensionism and the rights of nature. Never permitting any animals to be killed for hunting and fishing as if they were human, however, would be to apply to non-humans what can be applied only to humans. It could be ironically labeled as a human-focused perspective. Nick's journey in "Big Two-Hearted River" explores the possibility of feeling oneness with nature through trout fishing. He participates as a member of the ecosystem: he does not catch small trout or use small grasshoppers as baits and he gives to other animals such as minks the parts of the trout he does not eat. At the same time, it is significant that the final section of the story suggests a dark 'tragic' side to fishing, an idea which takes center stage in Trout Fishing in America. To be precise, what is portrayed in Trout Fishing in America is not trout fishing in America, but its failure and frustrations. More remarkably, Trout Fishing in America hints at the dangers of fishing under the situation in which lives of fish are taken away 'against the natural order of death' and the stream for fish sells at a junkyard. It is clear that hunting and fishing are essentially man-made activities, but they can be also regarded as 'natural' in the sense that they contribute to the energy cycle of the ecosystem. Considering the unprecedented power of human technology in our hands today, however, the matter of how appropriate human intervention can occur in nature's ecosystem as in the case of hunting and fishing is surely a vital environmental issue.
Abstract
According to animal rights discourses, speciesism can be no more accepted than racism or sexism. These discourses can be understood as the application to animals of anti-anthropocentric ecological theories such as Roderick Nash's ethical extensionism and the rights of nature. Never permitting any animals to be killed for hunting and fishing as if they were human, however, would be to apply to non-humans what can be applied only to humans. It could be ironically labeled as a human-focused perspective. Nick's journey in "Big Two-Hearted River" explores the possibility of feeling oneness with nature through trout fishing. He participates as a member of the ecosystem: he does not catch small trout or use small grasshoppers as baits and he gives to other animals such as minks the parts of the trout he does not eat. At the same time, it is significant that the final section of the story suggests a dark 'tragic' side to fishing, an idea which takes center stage in Trout Fishing in America. To be precise, what is portrayed in Trout Fishing in America is not trout fishing in America, but its failure and frustrations. More remarkably, Trout Fishing in America hints at the dangers of fishing under the situation in which lives of fish are taken away 'against the natural order of death' and the stream for fish sells at a junkyard. It is clear that hunting and fishing are essentially man-made activities, but they can be also regarded as 'natural' in the sense that they contribute to the energy cycle of the ecosystem. Considering the unprecedented power of human technology in our hands today, however, the matter of how appropriate human intervention can occur in nature's ecosystem as in the case of hunting and fishing is surely a vital environmental issue.
참고문헌 (26)
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