만주국의 라디오 방송과 이동하는 미디어―방송자동차의 1차 순회 활동을 중심으로

Abstract

This study paid attention to the emergence background and the activity aspects of mobile broadcasting, which is the unique form of broadcasting in Manchukuo that appeared during the Second World War period. With the reinforcement of cultural arts as the weapon of the propaganda warfare during the Second World War period, movement of media for national mobilization was magnified. Mobile broadcasting appeared as the symbol of propaganda, science, and civilization after transmission technology and broadcasting network were expanded, development of receiver and automobile manufacturing technology were secured, and broadcasting supply and a number of Chinese listeners were secured under the establishment and active role by the Manchukuo Telecommunication Corporation and the pursuit of the Broadcasting Business Five-Year Plan. Broadcasting technology, development of receiver, and automobile manufacturing technology played decisive roles in the emergence of broadcasting vehicles. Broadcasting vehicles aimed to mainly deliver state policy propaganda and awareness of scientific civilization while making tours at rural areas where power was scarce. However, rural residents focused on cultural entertainments such as music, traditional circus, movies, and comics which were designated as the things to induce mobilizing broadcasting. Afterward, the desire by the consumers with regard to modern entertainment culture could be interpreted. In other words, broadcasting vehicles raised awareness of modern media culture to local residents as the symbol of science and civilization and aroused the desire as the subject of consumption. Therefore, the tangible effects of broadcasting vehicles can be found through modernity of media (scientific character and entertainment character). Meanwhile, the effects of the propaganda character by broadcasting vehicles, intended by broadcasting subjects, are unknown. However, when taking into account no response or external attitude with regard to national propaganda through mobile broadcasting, it can be assumed that the propaganda character of mobile broadcasting was not carried out smoothly.