우리나라와 외국의 제네릭 약가 비교: 가격지수를 중심으로
International Comparison of Generic Medicine Prices
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국민의료비 지출 중 의약품 지출 비율이 빠르게 성장하면서 우리나라 의약품 가격이 적절한가에 대한 정책적 관심이 대두되었다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 청구액 상위 품목인 80개 성분을 이용하여 제네릭 약가를 다른 나라와 비교해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2008년 IMS 자료의 공장도출하가를 이용하여 15개 국가들과 제네릭 약가수준을 비교하였다. 각 성분-함량-제형 별 가격분포, 제네릭 점유율, 오리지널 대비 제네릭 가격, 국내 대비 비교국가 가격을 살펴본 후 전반적인 가격수준 비교를 위해 4가지 가격지수(Laspeyres index, Paasche index, Fisher index and Walsh index)를 구하였다. 가격지수 비교결과 우리나라의 제네릭 약가수준은 높은 편이었는데 일반환율을 이용할 경우 스위스와 일본 다음으로 제네릭 가격수준이 높았고 구매력지수를 이용하면 가장 높았다. 이러한 연구결과로 볼 때 우리나라의 제네릭 가격수준은 전반적으로 높은 것으로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
Rapid increase in pharmaceutical expenditure is a big concern for health policy and there is a controversy over whether the prices of medicines are adequate in South Korea. This study aims to carry out an international comparison of the prices of generic medicines of 80 molecules that are frequently used in South Korea. Using IMS data on ex-manufacturer prices of generic medicines in 15 countries and South Korea in 2008, we performed two analyses. Individual prices of selected molecules (with the same strength and formulation) were compared between South Korea and other countries. Then 4 types of bilateral price indexes for each country were computed relative to South Korea: Laspeyres index, Paasche index, Fisher index and Walsh index, which are classified by the method of weighting. For the price comparison of individual molecules, the results varied depending on molecules because of the differences in pharmaceutical markets in each country, such as the pattern of preferred molecule and volume. Comprehensive price indexes showed generic prices in foreign countries, except Switzerland and Japan, are about 10-50 percent lower than those in South Korea. And the price indexes using GDP (Gross Domestic Product) PPP (Purchasing Power Parities) suggested that South Korea's prices of generic medicines are the highest. The results show that in South Korea more expensive molecules are consumed and the overall price of generic medicines are higher than in other advanced countries.
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