비만이 취업 준비 및 취업에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Obesity in the Recruiting Market: The Case of Young Korean College Graduates
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 교육고용패널 자료를 통해 2004년도 당시 고등학교 3학년 학생의 코호트 중 대학생 및 대학졸업자들을 대상으로 비만과 취업준비, 그리고 비만과 취업여부 사이의 관계에 대해 살펴본다. 비만으로 인한 노동시장에서의 열세가 통념적으로 존재한다면, 비만한 학생은 이를 극복하기 위하여 학점, 영어점수, 자격증 취득, 어학연수, 취업훈련 등 취업 준비를 더 열심히 할 것이라고 가정해 볼 수 있다. 비만한 학생이 비만하지 않은 학생보다 취업 준비를 더욱 열심히 했음에도 불구하고 취업 확률이 낮다면 노동시장에서의 차별을 간접적으로 유추할 수 있을 것이다. 실증분석 결과는 전반적으로 비만인 여학생들의 취업준비가 소홀한 것으로 나타난다. 또한 비만 기준인 BMI 25 이상이 되면 취업 가능성이 감소하는 것으로 나타나 취업 준비까지 고려할 경우 비만 자체가 취업에 부정적인 영향을 준다고 보기는 어려울 것이다. 한편 남학생들의 경우 비만 바로 아랫단계인 과체중 그룹에서 상대적으로 열심히 취업 준비를 함에도 불구하고 더 나은 취업성과로 이어지지는 않았다. 즉 과체중 이상인 경우 취업될 확률이 낮아지는 것으로 나타나 어느 정도 고용시장에서의 차별이 존재할 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 이렇듯 비만이 성적 및 취업 준비, 취업까지 영향을 미쳐 본고와 같은 자료를 사용하여 비만과 학업성취도간 관계를 보고한 선행연구의 결과와 연결시켜 볼 때, 비만과 학업성취도 간의 관계가 장기적으로 이어지며 이러한 장기적 관계가 비만과 취업 간의 관계에서도 중요하게 작용할 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between obesity and the employment using a unique data set composed of young Korean college graduate cohort who graduated high school in the same year, 2004. The salient feature of this study is in addition to examining the relationship between obesity and the employment, we look closely at the relationship between the obesity and the effort to be recruited. If there is a general adverse assessment or prejudice towards the obese in the labor market, obese job seekers may try to overcome this prejudice by putting extra effort on activities as extra job training, getting licences, language training in the foreign countries. The empirical results indicate that contrary to this intuition, obese students tend to make less effort to be employed, with an exception of overweight male students. Overweight male students are more likely to make more efforts in oversea language training or job training, but they do not show good performances in the recruiting market. In case of female students, overweight and obese students generally make less efforts than normal weight students, and obese female students are less likely to be employed. Our results are consistent with previous studies that report adverse effect of obesity in the labor market. Our study contributes to the literature by looking at the effect of obesity in both job market preparation and employment. Our results imply that obesity has on-going effect on academic performance, job market preparation and employment and the adverse effect of obesity can be explained by individual’s cognitive skills and unobserved aspects rather than discrimination in the job market.
참고문헌 (43)
- 고영우, "체질량지수(BMI)와 학업성취도간의 관계: 역U자 관계 성립여부에 대하여", 보건경제와 정책연구, 20(4), pp.1~21 (2014), 한국보건경제정책학회
- 김용민, "신장과 비만의 임금효과- 성별 차이를 중심으로 -", 사회과학연구, 19(1), pp.7~36 (2012), 사회과학연구원[DOI]
- 대한비만학회, "비만, 만병의 바로미터", ~ (2010)
- 대한비만학회, "비만치료 지침", ~ (2012)
- 2012 국민건강통계, "보건복지부", ~ (2014)
- 양혜경, "학생 비만도 결정요인과 비만이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향", 응용경제, 16(1), pp.35~64 (2014), 한국응용경제학회
- 최필선, "청소년기 비만이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향", 교육학연구, 47(3), pp.73~92 (2009), 한국교육학회
- 홍성훈, "비만이 고용에 미치는 영향", 보건경제와 정책연구, 19(3), pp.83~100 (2013), 한국보건경제정책학회
- Averett S.L., "Social Science of Obesity", pp.531~552 (2012), Oxford University Press
- Becker, G., "The Economics of Discrimination vol. I" (1973), The University of Chicago Press
- Biddle, J., "Beauty, Productivity, and Discrimination: Lawyers' Looks and Lucre", Journal of Labor Economics, 16(1), pp.172~201 (1998)
- Bound, J., "Handbook of Econometrics Vol. 5", pp.3707~3843 (2001), North-Holland
- Carroll, R., "Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models" (1995), Chapman and Hall
- Cawley, J., "Obesity and skill attainment in early childhood", Economics &Human Biology, 6(3), pp.388~397 (2008)
- Cawley, J., "Morbid obesity and the transition from welfare to work", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 24, pp.727~743 (2005)
- Cawley, J., "The impact of obesity on wages", Journal of Human Resources, 39(2), pp.451~474 (2004)
- Cawley, J., "The medical care costs of obesity:An instrumental variables approach", Journal of Health Economics, 31, pp.219~230 (2012)
- Ding, N., "The impact of poor health on academic performance new evidence using genetic markers", Journal of Health Economics, 28, pp.578~597 (2009)
- Falkner, N. H, "Social, Educational,, and Psychological Correlates of Weight Status in Adolescents", Obesity Research, 9(1), pp.32~42 (2001)
- Greve, J., "Obesity and labor market outcomes in Denmark", Economics and Human Biology, 65, pp.350~362 (2008)
- Grilo, C., "The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: a behavior genetic analysis", Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp.520~537 (1991)
- Hamermesh, D. S., "Beauty and the labor market", The American Economic Review, 84(5), pp.1174~1194 (1994)
- Han, E., "Weight and wages: fat versus lean paychecks", Health Economics, 18(5), pp.535~548 (2009)
- Kline, B., "The wages of BMI: Bayesian analysis of a skewed treatment-response model with nonparametric endogeneity", Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23, pp.767~793
- Lee, L., "Estimation of Linear and Nonlinear Errors-in-Variables Models using Validation Data", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429), pp.130~140 (1995)
- Lindeboom, M., "Assessing the impact of obesity on labor market outcomes", Economics and Human Biology, 8, pp.309~319 (2010)
- Lobstein, T., "Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health", Obesity Reviews, 5(1), pp.4~85 (2004)
- Lundborg, P., "Advances in Health and Health Services Research, Vol. 17: The Economics of Obesity" (2007), Elsevier
- Lundborg, P., "Parental Education and Offspring Outcomes : Evidence from the Swedish Compulsory School Reform", American Economic Journal, 6(1), pp.253~278 (2014)
- Obesity, self-esteem and wages, "Mocan, N. H.", NBER, ~, pp.NBER working paper 15101 (2009)
- Morris, S., "Body mass index and occupational attainment", Journal of Health Economics, 25(2), pp.347~364 (2006)
- Morris, S., "The impact of obesity on employment", Labour Economics, 14, pp.413~433 (2007)
- Norton, E. C., "Using genetic information to identify casual effects of obesity", Health Economics, 17, pp.1089~1104 (2008)
- Ogden, C. L, "Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States : 2011-2012", The Journal of the American Medical Association, 311(8), pp.806~814 (2014)
- Philipson, T. J., "Is the Obesity Epidemic a Public Health Problem? A Review of Zoltan J. Acs and Aland Lyles's Obesity, Business and Publi Policy", Journal of Economic Literature, 46(4), pp.974~982 (2008)
- Puhl, R., "Bias, discrimination, and obesity", Obesity Research, 9, pp.788~805 (2001)
- Evidence of Unequal Treatment in Hiring against Obese Applicants: A Field Experiment, "Rooth, D", IZA, ~, pp.IZA dp No. 2775 (2007)
- Sabia, J. J., "The effect of body weight on adolescent academic performance", Southern Economic Journal, 73(4), pp.871~900 (2007)
- Sargent, J. D., "Obesity and Stature in Adolescence and Earnings in Young Adulthood: Analysis of a British Birth Cohort", Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148(7), pp.681~687 (1994)
- Sigfusdotir, I. D, "Health Behavior and Academic Achievement in Icelandic School Children", Health Education Research, 22(1), pp.70~80 (2006)
- Sobal, J., "Socioeconomic Status and Obesity: A Review of the Literature", Psychological Bulletin, 105(2), pp.260~275 (1989)
- Stock, J.H., "A survey of weak instruments and weak identification in generalized method of moments", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20(4), pp.518~529
- Taras H., "Obesity and Student Performance at School", Journal of School Health, 75(8), pp.291~295 (2005)