장기요양시설 입소 노인의 잠재적 부적절 약물사용 현황과 영향요인에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use and its determinants in long-term care facilities: A systematic review
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장기요양시설 거주 노인은 지역사회 거주 노인과 비교할 때 상대적으로 잠재적 부적절 약물(potentially inappropriate medications, 이하 PIM) 사용이 많은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 포괄적으로 그 현황과 영향요인을 탐색한 연구가 적었다. 본 연구는 장기요양시설 거주 노인을 대상으로 PIM 사용 현황과 그 영향요인을 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 탐색하고자 하였다. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochran, KoreaMed, RISS 데이터베이스에서 장기요양시설 거주 노인을 대상으로 PIM 사용률이나 그 영향요인을 보고한 연구(2012년 1월~2022년 1월)를 검색하였다. 잠재적 부적절 약물을 정의하는 명시적 도구(explicit criteria)로 인한 이질성을 최소화하고자 Beers criteria를 사용한 연구로 한정하였다. 두 명의 독립적인 연구자가 문헌 선정 및 질 평가를 수행하였다. 질 평가는 STROBE(Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) 체크리스트를 이용하였다. PIM 사용률은 메타분석을 통해 통합 추정치를 산출하고 이질성을 평가하였다. 검색된 220건의 문헌을 검토하여 최종적으로 29개 연구가 포함되었다. 연구대상자 수는 90~91,166명(총 227,531명), 요양시설 수는 1개~152개(총 590개)로 나타났다. 선택된 29개 연구의 PIM 사용률에 대해 메타분석을 수행한 결과, 통합 추정치는 66.6% (95% CI 61.1-72.1%)로 나타났다 (I2=99.8%, p<0.001). ‘Beers criteria 버전’에 대한 하위분석 결과, Beers 2012 (n=12), Beers 2015 (n=16)를 사용한 연구의 PIM 사용률 추정치는 각각 66.1% (95% CI 57.2-75.1%), 65.2% (95% CI 57.7-72.6%)였다. 선정된 29개 연구 중 13건의 연구에서 PIM 노출이나 PIM 수에 관한 영향요인을 보고하였다. PIM 사용 위험 증가의 주요 원인은 다제약물 복용(n=12)으로 나타났다. 또한, 인지장애나 치매가 있으면 PIM 사용 위험이 증가하는 것으로 보고되었다. 장기요양시설 입소 노인에서 잠재적 부적절 약물사용 노출이 매우 많으며, 많은 수의 약을 복용하거나 인지기능 관련 질환이 있는 입소 노인에서 위험이 증가함을 확인하였다. 장기요양시설 입소 노인 중 다제약물을 복용하거나 치매 등이 있는 노인을 대상으로 약물을 사용함에 있어 더욱 주의가 필요하며 향후 포괄적 약물관리의 우선적 대상으로 고려돼야 함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) are exposed to potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) relatively more than community-dwelling older adults. We aimed to examine the prevalence of PIM and its determinants for LTCF residents through a systematic literature review. Literature searches were performed on January 14, 2022, using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, KoeraMed, and RISS. We have included the Beers criteria for the definition of PIM. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and evaluation of the risk of bias. The risk of bias was evaluated based on the Strength the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. The prevalence of PIM was pooled through meta-analysis. Twenty-nine studies with 227,531 residents were selected and reviewed. The overall prevalence of PIM in LTCF was 66.6% (95% CI 61.1-72.1%), estimated to be 66.1% (95% CI 57.2-75.1%) in studies using Beers 2012(n=12), and 65.2% (95% CI 57.7-72.6%) in studies using Beers 2015(n=16). The primary factor of the increased risk of PIM use was polypharmacy(n=12) in LTCF. Additional determinants were cognitive impairment, dementia, and type of LTCF (private LTCF). Older adults living in LTCF with polypharmacy or cognitive disorder were exposed to a high risk of PIM use, so we need to consider them a priority for medication management in LTCF.
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