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소비자의 음식물 쓰레기 절감 영향 요인에 대한 연구: 이기적 동기와 이타적 동기를 중심으로

A Study on the Factors Influencing Consumers’ Food Waste Reduction: Focusing on Self-Interested and Altruistic Motivations

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초록

기후 변화의 주된 원인 중 하나로 지목되는 탄소 배출은 음식물 쓰레기와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 음식물 쓰레기를 줄이는 것이 소비자 행동 중 탄소 배출을 절감하는 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 따라서 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 음식물 쓰레기 절감 행동 확산 전략 수립을 위해 본 연구는 음식물 쓰레기 절감의 선행요인을 탐색하고자 한다. 본 연구는 이기적 동기 및 이타적 동기가 음식물 쓰레기 절감 태도를 매개로 음식물 쓰레기 절감 행동의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰하였으며, 이기적 동기는 물가상승 인식, 경제성 추구 라이프스타일을, 이타적 동기는 음식물 쓰레기의 환경 영향 인식, 친환경 관심을 포함한다. 본 연구는 한국농촌경제연구원의 2022 식품소비행태조사 자료 중 주구입자 3,321명을 대상으로, STATA 17.0을 통해 Bootstrap 기법을 활용한 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 물가 상승 인식, 경제성 추구 라이프스타일 등 이기적 동기 및 음식물 쓰레기의 환경 영향 인식 및 친환경 관심 등 이타적 동기가 모두 클수록 음식물 쓰레기 절감 태도는 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 음식물 쓰레기 절감 태도가 증가할수록, 음식물 쓰레기 절감 행동 의도가 유의하게 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 이기적 동기 및 이타적 동기 모두 음식물 쓰레기 절감 태도를 매개로 음식물 쓰레기 절감 행동의도를 증가시키며, 이기적 동기와 이타적 동기 모두 동등하게 영향력을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 가뭄과 홍수와 같은 이상 기후 현상에 따른 농작물 생산성 하락이 초래한 물가상승이나 극단적 기후 현상에 기인한 다양한 경제적 손실과 피해 경험은 향후 소비자들의 지속가능한 소비행동에 대한 관심과 행동을 이끌어낼 것임을 시사한다. 따라서, 지속 가능한 소비 행동을 촉진하기 위해서는 이기적 동기와 이타적 동기를 균형 있게 고려한 소비자 정책 및 교육 프로그램을 개발할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Carbon emissions, identified as one of the primary causes of climate change, are closely linked to food waste, making the reduction of food waste one of the most effective consumer behaviors for decreasing carbon emissions. Therefore, to develop strategies for promoting food waste reduction as a response to climate change, this study aims to explore the antecedents of food waste reduction. The study investigates the effects of self-interested and altruistic motivations on the intention to reduce food waste, mediated by attitudes toward food waste reduction. Self-interested motivations include perceptions of rising prices and a lifestyle focused on economic efficiency, while altruistic motivations include awareness of the environmental impact of food waste and interest in environmental friendliness. The study conducted a mediation analysis using the Bootstrap method with STATA 17.0, targeting 3,321 primary purchasers from the 2022 Consumption Behaviors Survey for Food by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The key findings are as follows: First, both selfish motivations, such as the perception of rising prices and cost-saving lifestyle, and altruistic motivations, such as perceived environmental impact and eco-friendly interest, significantly increase attitudes toward food waste reduction. Second, as attitudes toward food waste reduction increase, the intention to reduce food waste significantly strengthens. Third, both selfish and altruistic motivations influence food waste reduction intention via attitudes toward food waste reduction, with both types of motivations showing equal influence. The experience of economic losses caused by extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, which reduce agricultural productivity and drive up prices, may foster consumers' interest in and commitment to sustainable consumption behaviors in the future. Therefore, to promote sustainable consumption behavior, it is necessary to develop consumer policies and educational programs that balance both selfish and altruistic motivations.

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