寒山詩의 言語特色

Abstract

This paper is focused on a study about the language characteristics of the poetic works written by the poet Hanshan(寒山) who was said to have survived around the periods of 785-804 A.D during the Chinese Tang Dynasty. Hanshan(寒山) or Hanshanja(寒山子) name was derived from the seclusive lifestyle he lived at Han-Ahm(寒岩), Mt. Tiantai(天台山) in China. There are a number of debatable records which are said to represent an interactive relationship with monks(豊干, 拾得) at the Gukcheong-Temple, Mt Tiantai, however Hanshan's birth name as well as actual existence has yet to be confirmed. Hanshan's poetry gained a new form of popularity amongst the civilians after the period of Tang dynasty, especially resulting in his poetry being highly admired in the Buddhist community, many editions emerged during the proceeding Song and Ming dynasties. By the Qing dynasty, also publishing in Quan Tangshi(『全唐詩』) and Siku Quanshu(『四庫全書』), Hanshan poems which are currently still in existence are said to be as many as 300 while still maintaining its fame for approximately one thousand years to date. Examining the characteristics of Hanshan poems(寒山詩), the first one entails the use of Buddhist terminology. It is common knowledge that all of his work is heavily influenced by the realm of Buddhism, resulting as the most undeniably outstanding characteristic. The second characteristic is the use of Taoist terminology reflected within his poems. After suffering internal frustration due to his failed state examination, he was left in a state of aimless wandering as a result he became deeply converted into Taoism. Hanshan's journey through Taoism was projected onto many of his works and the content within his poems also came to be filled with distinct Taoist features. The third characteristic is the use of popular terminology during this era. Retiring to a lifestyle of hermitage at Han-Am(寒岩), Mt. Tiantai, while being separated from secular affairs, Hanshan used various popular terminology within his poetry of his old reminiscent days, when he spent quality time with his family while looking for wealth and prosperity. Hanshan's usage of popular terminology in his work, resulted in a more simplistic production of poetry, which left a more realistic and lively presence compared to other fellow poets.