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한국과 OECD 국가의 보건의료 지속가능성: 국제 비교 가능한 재정 및 사회 지속성 지표를 중심으로

Sustainability of Healthcare Systems in South Korea and OECD Countries: Focus on Financial and Social Sustainability Indicators

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

이 연구는 국제적으로 활용되고 있는 보건의료 지속가능성 지표들을 검토하여 국가 간 비교가 가능한 지표를 선정하고, 이를 토대로 한국과 OECD 국가들의 보건의료 지속가능성을 평가하여 한국의 보건의료 체계의 상대적 수준을 진단하고자 수행되었다. 선정된 보건의료 지속가능성 지표는 투입과 산출 영역으로 구성되어 있으며, 투입 영역에는 의료인력 공급/의료접근성과 보건의료 서비스 제공, 산출 영역에는 건강 수준과 질병 관리가 포함되어 있다. 지수를 구성하는 8개의 요인 분석 결과, 한국의 지속가능성 지수는 OECD 33개국 중 25위로 전반적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 특히, 의료인력 공급과 본인부담금 수준으로 구성된 ‘의료인력 공급 및 의료접근성’영역이 가장 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 가용 병상수와 의료비 지출이 포함된 ‘보건의료서비스 제공’영역은 상대적으로 높은 수준을 보였다. 건강 수준 측면에서는 높은 기대수명(83.6세)에도 불구하고 낮은 출산율(0.8명)이 문제점으로 드러났으며, 질병 관리 측면에서는 낮은 영유아 사망률(출생아 천 명당 2.4명)에도 불구하고 높은 결핵 발생률(인구 10만 명당 39.0명)이 주요 과제로 확인되었다. 이러한 분석 결과는 한국 보건의료의 지속가능성 제고를 위한 정책 수립의 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 지속가능성 지표를 구성하는 요인들의 중요성과 방향성에 대해 이견이 있을 수 있으며, 경제적·사회적 영역에 국한되어 있어 환경적 지속가능성과 같은 다른 중요 영역이나 한국의 특수한 맥락을 충분히 반영하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 한국의 보건의료 상황에 적합한 한국형 지속가능성 지표 개발과 이를 통한 체계적인 보건의료 지속가능성 진단 및 정책 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Abstract

This study examines healthcare sustainability indicators used internationally to select comparable indicators across countries and evaluate the healthcare sustainability of South Korea and OECD countries, thereby assessing the relative sustainability of Korean healthcare system. The selected healthcare sustainability indicators consist of input and output domains, with input domains including supply of medical care/access to medical care and providing of healthcare, and output domains comprising personal health and disease control. Analysis of these eight factors constituting the index revealed that Korean sustainability index ranked 25th among 33 OECD countries, showing generally low levels. In particular, the ‘supply of medical care/access to medical care’ component, composed of medical doctor supply and out-of-pocket expenditure, was identified as the most vulnerable area. Conversely, the ‘providing of healthcare’component, including available hospital beds and health expenditure, showed relatively high levels. In terms of health status, despite high life expectancy at birth (83.6 years), low fertility rate (0.8) emerged as a critical issue. Regarding disease control, while infant mortality rate was low (2.4 per 1,000 live births), high tuberculosis incidence (39.0 per 100,000 population) was identified as a major challenge. These analysis results can serve as evidence for policy development to enhance healthcare sustainability in Korea. However, there may be disagreements regarding the importance and direction of factors constituting these sustainability indicators, and the study is limited to economic and social domains, failing to fully reflect other important areas such as environmental sustainability or Korean specific context. Therefore, future research should focus on developing Korea-specific sustainability indicators suitable for the Korean healthcare context and conducting systematic healthcare sustainability diagnostics and policy evaluations through these indicators.

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