생활사건 스트레스와 만성적 스트레스 경험이 유아기 자녀를 둔 저소득층 어머니의 우울에 미치는 영향
A Study on the Impact of Acute Stress and Chronic Stress Experience on Depression in Low-income Mothers with Children
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초록
본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 저소득층 어머니들의 일상생활에서 겪는 구체적인 스트레스 경험 내용과 우울의 정도를 탐색하고, 우울을 설명해 줄 수 있는 변인과 대처과정 변인을 확인하는데 그 목적이 있다. 서울 시내에 소재하고 있는 보육시설에 3~5세 자녀를 보내는 어머니들을 대상으로 조사하였다. 연구결과, 저소득 어머니들은 생활사건 스트레스 중 경제 영역의 생활사건 스트레스의 경험 비율이 높았으며, 가장 빈번하게 경험하는 만성적 스트레스 내용을 살펴보면, 주로 가사와 육아, 여가시간의 감소와 관련된 만성적 스트레스원들이었다. 우울에 대한 관련 변인들의 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 인구학적 변인 중 유의한 차이를 보인 것은 어머니 교육수준이었으며, 만성적 스트레스는 생활사건 스트레스보다 우울에 관련성이 더 높은 것으로 발견되었다. 특히 만성적 스트레스 경험빈도는 소득수준과 우울의 관계에 매개 요인으로 기능하고 있음을 검증하였다. 이러한 결과는 경제적 상황과 어머니의 정신건강 간의 관계에 영향을 미치는 다른 스트레스적 경험이 있다는 통찰을 제공하였다. 아울러 여성들에게서 만성적 스트레스 경험빈도가 증가할 때 배우자의 정서적 지지는 우울을 완화시키는 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 이와 관련된 향후 논의점들을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to get a better grasp of the specific details of stress and degree of depression experienced in everyday life by low-income mothers with young children, and to ascertain the variables that can explain such depression as well as the variables in dealing with it. The subjects of this study were mothers with children age 3 through 5 attending child care facilities in downtown Seoul. The study results show that, for low-income mothers, acute stress related economic situations took up a high proportion of their stress experience. The details of the most frequent chronic stress also reveal that the main causes of stress were related to housework and child care as well as leisure time reduction. The results from hierarchical regression analysis of depression-related variables reveal that chronic stress had a closer relation to depression than acute stress. The frequency of chronic stress experience, in particular, was verified to function as a mediating factor in the connection between income level and depression. It was also shown that, when the frequency of experiencing chronic stress increases in women, emotional support from spouses has the effect of mitigating the symptoms of depression.
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