Sailing Heroes: Tracing Mycenaean Encounters with the Istrian Gradina Culture
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The Bronze Age in the Mediterranean is characterized by an increasing level of connectedness. During the Middle and the Late Bronze Age (c. 1800-1200 BC), specifically with the emergence of the Mycenaean civilization in the Peloponnese and Central Greece, the indicators for stable networks and far-distanced contacts across the sea and its wider hinterland are increasing. One region that is still underappreciated in these discussions is Istria at the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The Istrian Bronze Age is particularly represented by networks of fortified settlements or gradina which have been rarely researched in more detail within the last century. The present article aims to summarize and discuss the available evidence for contact situations between the Aegean and Istria from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1600 BC). It becomes clear that more research has to be carried out to come to a comprehensive understanding of the situation. Nevertheless, there are indicators that point to contact situations with the Mycenaean civilization in the first stage of its existence (ca. 1600-1450 BC). This is also the time as the ideal of the heroic warrior, who is prominently reflected in the works of Homer, became an important means of identity construction of the Mycenaean elite. It is being argued that one of the main motivations to travel to the northern Adriatic coast and to get in contact with the local people was the actual process of exploring uncharted lands. The knowledge of this and other regions in the Mediterranean increased the prestige of the seafarers and gave them the necessary authority for justifying their claim to power.
Abstract
The Bronze Age in the Mediterranean is characterized by an increasing level of connectedness. During the Middle and the Late Bronze Age (c. 1800-1200 BC), specifically with the emergence of the Mycenaean civilization in the Peloponnese and Central Greece, the indicators for stable networks and far-distanced contacts across the sea and its wider hinterland are increasing. One region that is still underappreciated in these discussions is Istria at the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The Istrian Bronze Age is particularly represented by networks of fortified settlements or gradina which have been rarely researched in more detail within the last century. The present article aims to summarize and discuss the available evidence for contact situations between the Aegean and Istria from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1600 BC). It becomes clear that more research has to be carried out to come to a comprehensive understanding of the situation. Nevertheless, there are indicators that point to contact situations with the Mycenaean civilization in the first stage of its existence (ca. 1600-1450 BC). This is also the time as the ideal of the heroic warrior, who is prominently reflected in the works of Homer, became an important means of identity construction of the Mycenaean elite. It is being argued that one of the main motivations to travel to the northern Adriatic coast and to get in contact with the local people was the actual process of exploring uncharted lands. The knowledge of this and other regions in the Mediterranean increased the prestige of the seafarers and gave them the necessary authority for justifying their claim to power.
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