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The Historical Background in the Formative Period of the Earliest Community of Israel
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To explore the formation of the earliest community of Israel is one of the most contentious chapters in the historical studies of Israel. Although there are disagreements, some who would the Late Bronze-Iron Age transition is generally recognized as the earliest possible period to which Israel's formative period may be traceable. At the close of the 13th century B.C. the rapid momentous changes occurred in the political and social fabric of Late Bronze Age society. Archaeologically, this is vividly illustrated by demographic redistribution and an increase in the settled population, especially in the central hill country and Transjordanian highlands. According to the archaeological evidences, the finds indicate that the new people who constitutes the earliest community of Israel inhabited the highlands of central Canaan beginning in about 1200 B.C., the period of the Israelite Judges. The people settled in that region that eventually became Israel did not begin to form any kind of identity as a distinctive social entity called Israel until Iron Age I. Archaeological excavations of this period of time which started with the collapse of the older order - the Late Bronze, Canaanite city-states under Egyptian domination, indicate that the collapse was a gradual decline that started in the 13th century and lasted until the late 12th century B.C. The traditions of the Old Testament describe the land of Canaan as a fragmented multi-national land: inhabited by Canaanites, Horites, Hivites, Jebusites, Perizites, Hittites, Girgashites, and subsequently Philistines. From the ANE documents we know the peoples, such as Amorites, Hurrians, Habiru, Arameans. Some of these peoples, especially the sea peoples and the nomadic peoples immigrated to Canaan, others may have been part of the indigenous population. These inhabitants most likely comprised different elements of Late Bronze Age society, namely, the indigenous and nonindigenous populations. In conclusion, with the decline of Egyptian influence and power over Canaan during the 12th century B.C., some of its inhabitants constitute the earliest community of Israel.
Abstract
To explore the formation of the earliest community of Israel is one of the most contentious chapters in the historical studies of Israel. Although there are disagreements, some who would the Late Bronze-Iron Age transition is generally recognized as the earliest possible period to which Israel's formative period may be traceable. At the close of the 13th century B.C. the rapid momentous changes occurred in the political and social fabric of Late Bronze Age society. Archaeologically, this is vividly illustrated by demographic redistribution and an increase in the settled population, especially in the central hill country and Transjordanian highlands. According to the archaeological evidences, the finds indicate that the new people who constitutes the earliest community of Israel inhabited the highlands of central Canaan beginning in about 1200 B.C., the period of the Israelite Judges. The people settled in that region that eventually became Israel did not begin to form any kind of identity as a distinctive social entity called Israel until Iron Age I. Archaeological excavations of this period of time which started with the collapse of the older order - the Late Bronze, Canaanite city-states under Egyptian domination, indicate that the collapse was a gradual decline that started in the 13th century and lasted until the late 12th century B.C. The traditions of the Old Testament describe the land of Canaan as a fragmented multi-national land: inhabited by Canaanites, Horites, Hivites, Jebusites, Perizites, Hittites, Girgashites, and subsequently Philistines. From the ANE documents we know the peoples, such as Amorites, Hurrians, Habiru, Arameans. Some of these peoples, especially the sea peoples and the nomadic peoples immigrated to Canaan, others may have been part of the indigenous population. These inhabitants most likely comprised different elements of Late Bronze Age society, namely, the indigenous and nonindigenous populations. In conclusion, with the decline of Egyptian influence and power over Canaan during the 12th century B.C., some of its inhabitants constitute the earliest community of Israel.
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