Divination in Ancient Rome
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Divination in ancient Rome is one of the most controversial issues that reveal the characteristics of Roman religion. In Roman religion, their priesthood was an official appointed for life but not hereditary. This paper will discuss three major priesthoods regarding divination in the Roman state. Firstly, augurs conduct a divination by flights of birds or feeding of fowls. Summoned by the Senate or magistrates, they ask for the will of deities regarding the matter through augury. Secondly, quindecimviri sacris faciundis, or fifteen men responsible for sacrifice, deal with not only sacrificial matters but also the Sibylline Books. When unusual phenomena are reported to the Senate to be determined as ill omens, they summon them to consult the Sibylline Books to find out which action incurs the wrath of deities and which ritual is necessary to appease them. Lastly, haruspex, which was originally Etruscan priesthood, conducts a divination by examining livers of sacrificial animals. If all livers show no abnormality, the sacrifice is thought to be accepted by deities. To sum up, the procedure of these priesthoods clarifies that Roman divination is not foretelling the unpredictable future but proceeded like legal procedures, which will be the distinctive characteristics of Roman religion.
Abstract
Divination in ancient Rome is one of the most controversial issues that reveal the characteristics of Roman religion. In Roman religion, their priesthood was an official appointed for life but not hereditary. This paper will discuss three major priesthoods regarding divination in the Roman state. Firstly, augurs conduct a divination by flights of birds or feeding of fowls. Summoned by the Senate or magistrates, they ask for the will of deities regarding the matter through augury. Secondly, quindecimviri sacris faciundis, or fifteen men responsible for sacrifice, deal with not only sacrificial matters but also the Sibylline Books. When unusual phenomena are reported to the Senate to be determined as ill omens, they summon them to consult the Sibylline Books to find out which action incurs the wrath of deities and which ritual is necessary to appease them. Lastly, haruspex, which was originally Etruscan priesthood, conducts a divination by examining livers of sacrificial animals. If all livers show no abnormality, the sacrifice is thought to be accepted by deities. To sum up, the procedure of these priesthoods clarifies that Roman divination is not foretelling the unpredictable future but proceeded like legal procedures, which will be the distinctive characteristics of Roman religion.
참고문헌 (20)
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