The Arts of Controlling the Landscape: The Return from Aelia Capitolina, the Secular City, Back to Jerusalem, the Holy City—Exploring the Rituals as Restructuring and Reimagining the Place in the Catechetical Lectures of Cyril of Jerusalem
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This study investigates how Cyril, the fourth-century CE bishop of Jerusalem, endeavored to redefine his community’s perception of the land and reshape the understanding of the landscape, with a particular focus on Jerusalem. Among the cities judged and reframed by divinity, none stands out more than Jerusalem. The research explores Cyril’s efforts to shift the standing of the city from a place conquered by the Roman Empire back to the status of the Holy City. Cyril, as the bishop of the Holy Sepulcher, aimed to elevate Jerusalem as the most esteemed place, surpassing the influences of churches across Palestine, especially in Caesarea. Simultaneously, he asserted the city's position as the ‘mother of all churches.’ This article examines the spatial rhetoric intertwined with the political, social, and religious dimensions of rituals by scrutinizing Cyril’s The Catechetical lectures, a fourth-century Christian ecclesiastical manual exclusively designed for pre-baptismal candidates. The contention posits that Cyril, through these rituals, endeavors to redefine the landscape, encouraging active participation to shape a proper Christian identity within his congregation. The primary focus of this investigation is on Cyril’s role in elevating the preeminence and apostolic authority of Jerusalem as the most influential place throughout the Roman Empire, transforming its identity from the land where Roman shrines were erected on Golgotha. The research delves into historical contexts spanning the destruction of Jerusalem circa 70 C.E. and 135 C.E. to the broader circumstances surrounding Aelia Capitolina in the fourth century C.E. Furthermore, this research uncovers Cyril’s assertion that past events from the Bible, the divinity of Jesus, and rituals converge uniquely in Jerusalem. Cyril claims that Jerusalem is the exclusive location where the historical events of the Bible, the sacredness of Jesus, and rituals like offerings can all come together at the same time. Thus, this article underscores Cyril’s active efforts to emphasize Jerusalem’s significance over Aelia Capitolina, asserting that individuals, after undergoing catechetical education and experiencing spiritual insights through exorcism and baptism, gain the capability to perceive Jerusalem as a distinctive and unparalleled land.
Abstract
This study investigates how Cyril, the fourth-century CE bishop of Jerusalem, endeavored to redefine his community’s perception of the land and reshape the understanding of the landscape, with a particular focus on Jerusalem. Among the cities judged and reframed by divinity, none stands out more than Jerusalem. The research explores Cyril’s efforts to shift the standing of the city from a place conquered by the Roman Empire back to the status of the Holy City. Cyril, as the bishop of the Holy Sepulcher, aimed to elevate Jerusalem as the most esteemed place, surpassing the influences of churches across Palestine, especially in Caesarea. Simultaneously, he asserted the city's position as the ‘mother of all churches.’ This article examines the spatial rhetoric intertwined with the political, social, and religious dimensions of rituals by scrutinizing Cyril’s The Catechetical lectures, a fourth-century Christian ecclesiastical manual exclusively designed for pre-baptismal candidates. The contention posits that Cyril, through these rituals, endeavors to redefine the landscape, encouraging active participation to shape a proper Christian identity within his congregation. The primary focus of this investigation is on Cyril’s role in elevating the preeminence and apostolic authority of Jerusalem as the most influential place throughout the Roman Empire, transforming its identity from the land where Roman shrines were erected on Golgotha. The research delves into historical contexts spanning the destruction of Jerusalem circa 70 C.E. and 135 C.E. to the broader circumstances surrounding Aelia Capitolina in the fourth century C.E. Furthermore, this research uncovers Cyril’s assertion that past events from the Bible, the divinity of Jesus, and rituals converge uniquely in Jerusalem. Cyril claims that Jerusalem is the exclusive location where the historical events of the Bible, the sacredness of Jesus, and rituals like offerings can all come together at the same time. Thus, this article underscores Cyril’s active efforts to emphasize Jerusalem’s significance over Aelia Capitolina, asserting that individuals, after undergoing catechetical education and experiencing spiritual insights through exorcism and baptism, gain the capability to perceive Jerusalem as a distinctive and unparalleled land.
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