언어로 존재 증명해 내기: 『14호 수용소 탈출』을 중심으로
Verifying One's Existence through Language: Reading Escape from Camp 14
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Like other North Korean refugee narratives, Escape from Camp 14 covers troublesome issues of persecution, torture, hunger, rape, or execution, which occurred circa the 1990s and is commonly called “the Arduous March”(or “the March of Suffering”). In their painful retrospect, refugee narrators often confess that these distressing incidents cause “belated” sense of anxiety and related-emotional malfunction. In the case of Shin Dong-hyuk, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) trigger him to be physically overwhelmed such as paralysis or self-torture, along with psychological effects. Based on Shin's traumatic experience in the totalitarian state, this paper examines the intersectional connection between experience, trauma, and language in Escape from Camp 14. First, I trace the ways in which Shin's experience is related not only to his own incidents but also to the lives of his family and other prisoners. Shin's narrative itself verifies how our experience is collective and thus how life narrative is relational. Focusing on Shin's escape to South Korea and eventually to the United States, I then examine disturbing symptoms that have been mostly caused by various types of violence in the internment camp and still threaten his current refugee life. Finally, this paper studies the ways in which Shin employs language to understand and possibly overcome his traumatic past. Despite of being sometimes tagged as a “tainted witness” by various groups, Shin's narrative unveils an authentic gesture that an individual is able to cultivate out of a sheer chaotic time-space(Gilmore 3).
Abstract
Like other North Korean refugee narratives, Escape from Camp 14 covers troublesome issues of persecution, torture, hunger, rape, or execution, which occurred circa the 1990s and is commonly called “the Arduous March”(or “the March of Suffering”). In their painful retrospect, refugee narrators often confess that these distressing incidents cause “belated” sense of anxiety and related-emotional malfunction. In the case of Shin Dong-hyuk, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) trigger him to be physically overwhelmed such as paralysis or self-torture, along with psychological effects. Based on Shin's traumatic experience in the totalitarian state, this paper examines the intersectional connection between experience, trauma, and language in Escape from Camp 14. First, I trace the ways in which Shin's experience is related not only to his own incidents but also to the lives of his family and other prisoners. Shin's narrative itself verifies how our experience is collective and thus how life narrative is relational. Focusing on Shin's escape to South Korea and eventually to the United States, I then examine disturbing symptoms that have been mostly caused by various types of violence in the internment camp and still threaten his current refugee life. Finally, this paper studies the ways in which Shin employs language to understand and possibly overcome his traumatic past. Despite of being sometimes tagged as a “tainted witness” by various groups, Shin's narrative unveils an authentic gesture that an individual is able to cultivate out of a sheer chaotic time-space(Gilmore 3).
참고문헌 (31)
- 김종욱, "‘예외상태’의 일상화와 통치술로서의 ‘국방위원장 체제’: ‘김정일 시대’ 북한의 국가성격을 중심으로", 통일정책연구, 22(2), pp.79~104 (2013), 통일연구원
- 신동혁, "세상 밖으로 나오다" (2007), 북한인권정보센터
- 이우영, "‘고난의 행군’과 북한주민의 마음: 국가가 기억하는 ‘고난의 행군’", 통일문제연구, 28(1), pp.173~203 (2016), 평화문제연구소
- 조르조 아감벤, "유아기와 역사: 경험의 파괴와 역사의 근원" (2010), 새물결 출판사
- 조르조 아감벤, "행간: 우리는 왜 비현실적인 것에 주목해야 하는가" (2015), 자음과 모음
- 조정현, "국제기구를 통한 탈북자 보호에 대한 국제법적 고찰: UNHCR 및 UN 인권이사회를 중심으로", 통일정책연구, 19(2), pp.213~236 (2010), 통일연구원
- Balaev, Michelle, "Contemporary Approaches in Literary Trauma Theory" (2014), Macmillan
- Blum, Alon, "Shame and Guilt, Misconceptions and Controversies: A Critical Review of the Literature", Traumatology, 14(3), pp.91~102 (2008)
- Caruth, Cathy, "Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History" (1996), Johns Hopkins UP
- Caruth, Cathy, "Literature in the Ashes of History" (2013), Johns Hopkins UP
- Eakin, Paul Johh, "How Our Lives Becomes Stories: Making Selves" (1999), Cornell UP
- Egan, Susanna, "Mirror Talk: Genres of Crisis in Contemporary Autobiography" (1999), U of North Carolina P
- Gilmore, Leigh, "The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony" (2001), Cornell UP
- Gilmore, Leigh, "Tainted Witness: Why We Doubt What Women Say About Their Lives" (2017), Columbia UP
- Haggard, Stephan, "The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response" (2006), U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea
- Harden, Blaine, "Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West" (2013), Penguin
- Hartman, Geoffrey H., "On Traumatic Knowledge and Literary Studies", New Literary History, 26, pp.537~563 (1995)[DOI]
- Herzig, Carl, "The Fearless Passage of Steven Kim: The True Story of an American Businessman Imprisoned in China for Rescuing North Korean Refugees" (2013), Whitaker House
- Ishikawa, Masaji, "A River in Darkness: One Man's Escape from North Korea" (2018), Amazon Crossing
- Kim, Suki, "Without You, There is No Us: Undercover Among the Sons of North Korea's Elite" (2015), Broadway Book
- LaCapra, Dominick, "Writing Trauma, Writing History" (2014), Johns Hopkins UP
- Lee, Chinkook, "From Tragedy to Blessing: The Unforeseeable Journey of a North Korean Refugee" (2018), CreateSpace
- Lee, Krys, "How I Became a North Korean" (2016), Viking
- Miller, Nancy K., "Extremities: Trauma, Testimony, Community" (2002), U of Illinois P
- Nikro, Norman Saadi, "Situating Postcolonial Trauma Studies", Postcolonial Text, 9(2), pp.1~21 (2014)
- Pederson, Joshua, "Speak, Trauma: Toward a Revised Understanding of Literary Trauma Theory", Narrative, 22(3), pp.333~353 (2014)
- Rothberg, Michael, "Extremities: Trauma, Testimony, Community" (2002), U of Illinois P
- Smith, Sidonie, "Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives" (2010), U of Minnesota P
- Spiegelman, Art, "Maus: A Survivor's Tale" (1986), Pantheon Books
- Visser, Irene, "Decolonizing Trauma Theory: Retrospect and Prospects", Humanities, 4, pp.250~265 (2015)[DOI]
- Whitlock, Gillian, "Trauma Texts" (2009), Routledge