『빌러비드』에 나타난 마술적 사실주의와 흑인 미학
Magical Realism and the Black Aesthetics in Beloved
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study aims to investigate magical realism and the Black aesthetics that appear in Beloved by Toni Morrison. In this novel Morrison creates the magical reality with various ghosts existing in the historical real life. Morrison treats the supernatural things in such a realistic way that readers cannot but accept them as they are. This makes it difficult to place Beloved in the American literary tradition because even the American romance to which the genre of this novel is the most similar is usually based on the mythical and imaginary world far from the real life. In fact, this 'real unreal world' Morrison creates is that of Latin American magical realism. Briefly speaking, magical realism is to combine realism and the fantastic in the way that magical elements naturally appear out of the reality portrayed. Unlike the fantastic or the surreal convention, magical realism presumes that all the members of a realistic community share the traditions and the faith of the community about the supernatural things. Beloved has many in common with the Latin American magical realism novels but it has its own unique traits because Morrison created her own magical world based on the Black art. The storytelling with 'call and response', which is the most common oral tradition in the traditional black culture, is the one Morrison considers the most important factor of the Black art. By drawing on this black oral tradition and mixing the real history with supernatural things, Morrison tries to resurrect the nameless black people's lives victimized under the slavery, criticizes the American slavery severely, explores the way to heal the individual and collective historical trauma and presents a right way of remembering history.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate magical realism and the Black aesthetics that appear in Beloved by Toni Morrison. In this novel Morrison creates the magical reality with various ghosts existing in the historical real life. Morrison treats the supernatural things in such a realistic way that readers cannot but accept them as they are. This makes it difficult to place Beloved in the American literary tradition because even the American romance to which the genre of this novel is the most similar is usually based on the mythical and imaginary world far from the real life. In fact, this 'real unreal world' Morrison creates is that of Latin American magical realism. Briefly speaking, magical realism is to combine realism and the fantastic in the way that magical elements naturally appear out of the reality portrayed. Unlike the fantastic or the surreal convention, magical realism presumes that all the members of a realistic community share the traditions and the faith of the community about the supernatural things. Beloved has many in common with the Latin American magical realism novels but it has its own unique traits because Morrison created her own magical world based on the Black art. The storytelling with 'call and response', which is the most common oral tradition in the traditional black culture, is the one Morrison considers the most important factor of the Black art. By drawing on this black oral tradition and mixing the real history with supernatural things, Morrison tries to resurrect the nameless black people's lives victimized under the slavery, criticizes the American slavery severely, explores the way to heal the individual and collective historical trauma and presents a right way of remembering history.
참고문헌 (34)
- 김애주, "토니 모리슨 연구" (1999), 한국문화사
- 신진범, "토니 모리슨의 ？낙원？에 나타난 다층적인 서술전략 연구", 현대영미소설, 9(2), pp.6~144 (2002), 한국현대영미소설학회
- 양석원, "로맨스와 미국소설 비평: 역사와 상상력의 변증법", 근대영미소설, 5(1), pp.1~22 (1998)
- 김미현, "토니 모리슨(현대영미소설학회 작가총서 02)", pp.175~198 (2009), 동인
- 김미현, "토니 모리슨(현대영미소설학회 작가총서 02)", pp.199~236 (2009), 동인
- Atkinson, Yvonne, "The Black English Oral Tradition in Beloved: ‘listen to the spaces.’", Solomon, pp.247~260
- Atwood, Margaret, "Haunted by Their Nightmares", Solomon, pp.39~42
- Brown, Rosellen, "The Pleasure of Enchantment", Solomon, pp.59~63
- Castor, Elizabeth, "The Writer and Her Haunting Tale of Slavery", Solomon, pp.53~58
- Caldwell, Gail, "Author Toni Morrison Discusses Her Latest Novel Beloved", Taylor-Guthrie, pp.239~245
- Clemons, Walter, "A Gravestone of Memories", Solomon, pp.43~46
- Conner, Marc C, "The Aesthetics of Toni Morrison", pp.9~374 (2000), Mississippi UP
- D'haen, Theo L, "Magical Realism and Postmodernism: Decentering Privileged Centers", Zamora and Faris, pp.191~208
- Darling, Marsha, "In the Realm of Responsibility: A Conversation with Toni Morrison", Taylor-Guthrie, pp.246~254
- Edwards, Thomas, "A Ghost Story", Solomon, pp.78~83
- Faris, Wendy B, "Scheherazade's Children: Magical Realism and Postmodern Fiction", Zamora and Faris, pp.144~163
- Foreman, P. Gabrielle, "Past-On Stories: History and the Magically Real, Morrison and Allende on Call", Zamora and Faris, pp.285~304
- Furman, Jan, "Sethe's Re-memories: The Covert Return of What is Best Forgotten", Solomon, pp.261~271
- Harris, Trudier, "Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison" (1991), Tennessee UP
- House, Elizabeth B, "Toni Morrison's Ghost: The Beloved Who Is Not Beloved", Solomon, pp.117~126
- Horbitz, Deborah, "Nameless Ghosts: Possession and Dispossession in Beloved", Solomon, pp.93~103
- Krumholz, Linda, "The Ghosts of Slavery", McKay, pp.107~125
- Leclair, Thomas, "The Language Must Not Sweat: A Conversation with Toni Morrison", Taylor-Guthrie, pp.119~128
- Morrison, Toni, "Beloved" (1988), Plume
- Morrison, Toni, "Literature in the Modern World", pp.339~345 (1990), Oxford UP
- McKay, Nellie Y, "Toni Morrison’s Beloved" (1999), Oxford UP
- Peach, Linden, "Toni Morrison" (2000), Macmillan Press
- Rodrigues, Eusebio L, "The Telling of Beloved", Solomon, pp.148~165
- Rushdy, Ashraf H, "Daughters Signifyin(g) History", McKay, pp.37~66
- Sale, Maggie, "Call and Response as Critical Method: African-American Oral Traditions and Beloved", Solomon, pp.177~188
- Solomon, Barbara H, "Critical Essays on Toni Morrison’s Beloved" (1998), G. K. Hall
- Taylor-Guthrie, Danille, "Conversations with Toni Morrison" (1994), Mississippi UP
- Thurman, Judith, "A House Divided", Solomon, pp.72~77
- Zamora, Lois Parkinson, "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community", pp.497~550 (1995), Duke UP