존 오카다의 『노-노 보이』에 나타난 장애와 냉전 생명정치: 1950년대 미국 사회의 인종과 젠더 장애차별주의
The Cold War Biopolitics of Disability in John Okada’s No-No Boy: Racialized and Gendered Ableism of American Society in the 1950s
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This paper explores the affective, material, and relational turns of Japanese-Americans assimilating into the postwar US in the 1950s as a hybridized and diversified multiplicity, or assemblage, of heterogeneous bodies, actors, and materials. Specifically, it aims to investigate how those called no-no boys in John Okada’s 1957 novel No-No Boy strive to or fail to normate, the disability of their bodily and psychological materialities rendered negated in the American fifties. This historical novel depicts different ways in which the second generation of Japanese-American descent returns and assimilates themselves into everyday life as a site of totality where they are subject to racism, heteronormativity, and family ideology. The American 50s is a decade known for the era of conformity, while the fear of nuclear war spread and the Cold War logic of containment and integration prevailed. In Okada’s narrative, no-no-boy Ichiro Yamada is drawn to a desire for a normate American by removing the innate yet no longer tenable Japanese materials from his body, subjectivity, and agency. Thus, the no-no-boy generation attempts material and relational turns for existential survival by adapting to or coalescing into the postwar US assemblage against the backdrop of the Cold War regime of a transpacific American Empire. That said, this paper engages in the materialist approach to Okada’s ableist narrative specific to the material and relational turns of Japanese America to normate the negated materiality of its Japaneseness, which belongs to neither America nor Japan. Through this, this study traces how the Japanese American body co-opts the eugenic ideology of ableism of the day to achieve the “point of wholeness and belonging” in the unique blending in America of history, ideology, and memory during the 1950s.
Abstract
This paper explores the affective, material, and relational turns of Japanese-Americans assimilating into the postwar US in the 1950s as a hybridized and diversified multiplicity, or assemblage, of heterogeneous bodies, actors, and materials. Specifically, it aims to investigate how those called no-no boys in John Okada’s 1957 novel No-No Boy strive to or fail to normate, the disability of their bodily and psychological materialities rendered negated in the American fifties. This historical novel depicts different ways in which the second generation of Japanese-American descent returns and assimilates themselves into everyday life as a site of totality where they are subject to racism, heteronormativity, and family ideology. The American 50s is a decade known for the era of conformity, while the fear of nuclear war spread and the Cold War logic of containment and integration prevailed. In Okada’s narrative, no-no-boy Ichiro Yamada is drawn to a desire for a normate American by removing the innate yet no longer tenable Japanese materials from his body, subjectivity, and agency. Thus, the no-no-boy generation attempts material and relational turns for existential survival by adapting to or coalescing into the postwar US assemblage against the backdrop of the Cold War regime of a transpacific American Empire. That said, this paper engages in the materialist approach to Okada’s ableist narrative specific to the material and relational turns of Japanese America to normate the negated materiality of its Japaneseness, which belongs to neither America nor Japan. Through this, this study traces how the Japanese American body co-opts the eugenic ideology of ableism of the day to achieve the “point of wholeness and belonging” in the unique blending in America of history, ideology, and memory during the 1950s.
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