개인에서 종으로: J. G. 발라드의 『물에 잠긴 세계 』와 인류세 소설 인물 탐구
From Individual to Species: J. G. Ballard’s The Drowned World and the Anthropocene Novel’s Character
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This paper examines the characterological experimentation of J. G. Ballard’s early novel, The Drowned World (1962). Often referred to as the first climate change novel, The Drowned World (1962) has been recently garnering ecocritical attention. Using the scalar tension inherent to the climate change or Anthropocene novel, namely that between the traditionally narrow focus of the novelistic individual and the expansive outlook required of “species thinking,” as articulated by Dipesh Chakrabarty, I offer a reading of Ballard’s perplexing and weakly motivated characters, going against the grain of strange psychologies that have been a staple of Ballard criticism. I show, rather, that this incomprehensibility becomes coherent within the framework of a species character, which explains the novel’s preoccupation with the transformation at hand, from a social individual to an entity of a species. Taking into consideration, however, the novel’s troubling racial dynamics, I further argue that Ballard’s reliance on a racialized developmental trajectory for his species character ultimately exposes the limitations of species thinking: whiteness. Though written before the acknowledgment of anthropogenic climate change, Ballard’s work anticipates, in the scalar discrepancy between the novelistic individual and expanded geophysical timescales, some of the formal problems central to the Anthropocene novel or cli-fi today.
Abstract
This paper examines the characterological experimentation of J. G. Ballard’s early novel, The Drowned World (1962). Often referred to as the first climate change novel, The Drowned World (1962) has been recently garnering ecocritical attention. Using the scalar tension inherent to the climate change or Anthropocene novel, namely that between the traditionally narrow focus of the novelistic individual and the expansive outlook required of “species thinking,” as articulated by Dipesh Chakrabarty, I offer a reading of Ballard’s perplexing and weakly motivated characters, going against the grain of strange psychologies that have been a staple of Ballard criticism. I show, rather, that this incomprehensibility becomes coherent within the framework of a species character, which explains the novel’s preoccupation with the transformation at hand, from a social individual to an entity of a species. Taking into consideration, however, the novel’s troubling racial dynamics, I further argue that Ballard’s reliance on a racialized developmental trajectory for his species character ultimately exposes the limitations of species thinking: whiteness. Though written before the acknowledgment of anthropogenic climate change, Ballard’s work anticipates, in the scalar discrepancy between the novelistic individual and expanded geophysical timescales, some of the formal problems central to the Anthropocene novel or cli-fi today.
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